论文总字数：31395字

摘 要

随着日益增长的环境污染和能源危机，开发利用新能源变得刻不容缓。在世界各国竞相发展绿色可再生能源的今天，太阳能作为一种绿色、清洁、可再生的新能源越来越受到人们的重视，由于光伏组件价格的不断降低和光伏技术的发展，太阳能并网发电系统也将成为以后光伏利用的一种重要形式，一定会得到大力发展。然而，太阳能并网光伏发电系统的工作情况常常是变化的，它易受到客观环境等各种因素的影响，为了得到其最高效的工作状态，研究人员需要了解各方面因素对光伏发电系统的具体作用效果。

本文的主要研究内容为10kWp光伏并网电站的设计以及在不同情况下的模拟与仿真。

首先，论文介绍了课题的研究背景、并网光伏电站的原理、光伏技术发展的状况、研究意义与内容等等。只有了解过光伏产业的前世今生，研究人员才能够认识到其发展的目标；而懂得并网光伏电站的工作原理后，才能够实现从认识到改造；当熟知光伏技术的发展状况后，才能准确把握科技的前沿方向；而真正抓住研究的意义与内容时，我们也就奠定了研究的主线索。

然后，本文以南京市10kWp户用屋顶并网光伏电站为例，对系统的总体方案进行了设计，其中包括太阳能电池组件、逆变装置等部件的选型、光伏阵列结构的设计与校核，以及最大功率点跟踪技术进行了论述。由于在光伏并网系统中，光伏组件阵列的安装倾角以及前后阵列的间距对于光伏系统获得的太阳辐照量有相当大的作用，因此会影响其光伏系统的工作状况，所以还进行了光伏组件最佳倾角以及阵列间距的确定。其中，光伏阵列最佳倾角是采用遍历法来计算，而阵列间距则是根据光伏发电站设计规范中推荐的公式进行理论计算。

其次，论文对光伏并网系统的安全系统进行了相应的理论研究。保护系统设计对于确保太阳能组件安全运行至关重要。有很多潜在的原因会导致系统的失效。而且一旦系统发生故障，就会对用户造成很大的经济损失。其中，常见的保护系统包括雷击和浪涌保护、过电流保护、接地设计等等。同时，本文从用电安全与电能质量考虑，研究了快速安全的

孤岛效应检测控制方法，分析了太阳能光伏发电系统直接并网时的安全保护问题，从而保证了整个系统的高效安全运行。

最后，本文建立了光伏组件的数学模型，通过SolarPV软件，我们得到了光伏并网发电系统的产能报告，并且对系统的工作温度、辐照量、安装倾角、方位角、地理位置以及地面类型、风速和天气等参数进行了仿真与比较。此外，我们还对光伏并网发电系统进行了相应的经济性分析。结尾处，本文简洁地进行了总结。

关键词：光伏并网 SolarPV仿真 光伏系统设计

Design and Simulation of 10kWp Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Station for Buildings

Abstract

With the increasing environmental pollution and energy crisis, the development of new energy is urgently needed. In the world developing renewable energy, the solar energy as the one kind of green, clean, renewable new energy is paid more and more attention by people. Due to the continuous reduction of PV modules and the development of photovoltaic technology, the grid-connected solar inverter will be bounded to be actively developed as an important form of photovoltaic use. However, the working state of the solar grid connected photovoltaic power generation system is always changing. It is vulnerable to the influence of a variety of factors, such as objective environment. In order to obtain the most efficient working condition, researchers need to understand the specific effects of various factors on photovoltaic power generation system.

The main research content of this paper is the design of photovoltaic grid connected power station and the simulation and in different conditions.

First of all, the paper introduces the research background, the principle of grid connected photovoltaic power station, the status of photovoltaic technology development, the significance and content of the project. Only by understanding the development of photovoltaic industry, researchers have been able to understand the objectives of the study; after understanding the working principle of the grid connected photovoltaic power plant, we are able to realize the transformation from; when familiar with the development of photovoltaic technology, we can accurately grasp the forefront of science and technology; we also laid the main clue of the study when we grasp the meaning and content of the study.

Then, In this paper, a case study of 10kWp grid-connected photovoltaic power station is used as an example. The overall scheme of the system is designed, including the selection of solar module and inverter device, the design and check of the PV array structure, and the maximum power point tracking technology are discussed. Due to the photovoltaic grid connected system, PV array installation angle and the array spacing for photovoltaic system have great influence on obtaining the solar radiation, and it will affect the working status of the PV system. So we identified the best angle of PV modules and array spacing. The optimal tilt angle of PV array is calculated by traversing method, and the distance of the array is calculated according to the formula recommended in the design code of photovoltaic power station.

Secondly, the thesis makes a theoretical study on the security system of the grid- connected photovoltaic system. The design of protection system is essential to ensure the safe operation of solar modules. There are a number of potential factors causes the failure of the system. Once the system fails, it will cause a lot of economic losses to users. The common protection systems include lightning and surge protection, over current protection, grounding design, and etc. At the same time, the article takes the safe use of electricity and electric energy quality into consideration, studying a fast and safe method for detection and control of isolated island effect, analyzing the safety protection of the direct grid-connected photovoltaic power system. At last, it ensures the efficient and safe operation of the whole system.

Finally, the mathematical model of PV module is established in this paper. We get the PV grid connected power generation system capacity report through the SolarPV software. And the system's operating temperature, radiation, installation angle, azimuth, geographical location and ground type, wind speed and weather parameters were simulated and compared. In addition, we have carried out the corresponding economic analysis of the photovoltaic grid-connected power system. In the end, the paper is briefly summarized.

Key Words: Photovoltaic grid connected; SolarPV simulation; PV system design

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract III

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 并网光伏电站原理 1

1.3 光伏技术发展现状及趋势 2

1.3.1 光伏技术发展现状 2

1.3.2 光伏技术发展趋势 3

1.4 光伏系统仿真技术 4

1.5 研究目的与意义 5

1.6 课题研究内容与方案 5

1.6.1 课题研究内容 5

1.6.2 课题研究方案 5

第二章 系统总体方案设计 6

2.1 10kWp并网光伏电站原理及组成 6

2.2 系统主要组件的介绍以及选型 6

2.2.1 太阳能电池组件 6

2.2.2 汇流箱装置 9

2.2.3 直流配电系统 10

2.2.4 并网逆变装置 10

2.2.5 交流配电系统 12

2.3 光伏方阵结构设计 12

2.3.1 光伏阵列安装倾角 12

2.3.2 光伏组件串并联设计 13

2.3.3 光伏阵列间排距设计 14

2.3.4 阵列支架选型及校核 14

2.4 控制系统-最大功率点跟踪算法 21

2.4.1 恒压跟踪法（CVT） 21

2.4.2 扰动观察法 22

2.4.3 导电增量法 23

第三章 光伏发电安全系统设计 24

3.1 系统保护概述 24

3.2 雷击和浪涌保护 24

3.2 过电流与故障电流保护 24

3.3 接地设计 24

3.5 防孤岛效应 25

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