论文总字数：25086字

摘 要

能源、环境和经济问题一直是人们关注的问题。在汽车领域的电动汽车作为一种节能，环保已成为一个热门的研究课题，然而，目前的电动汽车里程短，价格在电动汽车中，没有任何字符使其难以广泛使用。解决这个问题的关键是提高动力电池的功率。技术，以提高其性能，降低价格。本文主要研究铅酸蓄电池和锂离子电池。然后介绍了动力电池的充电电路。基于铅酸蓄电池和锂离子的三阶模型的高频开关电源仿真模型电池的非线性模型，快速充放电，单大容量锂离子电池充电方法蓄电池的充放电特性及燃料电池电动汽车过程中铅酸蓄电池模型的充放电特性。

主要研究结果如下：高频开关电源、DC-DC变换器，开关管及其他损失控制策略一五阶恒流快速充电的原理是通过快速的ZVS移相全桥变换器的充电方法，通过采用连续正交技术确定了充电电流的充电方法，仿真结果表明，应用于燃料电池电动汽车，它对提高电池管理系统和电动汽车能源管理具有重大意义。

关键词：电动汽车 动力电池组 充放电 快速充电

Thesis for the Master Degree in Engineering Study on characteristics of battery for electric vehicle

Abstract

Energy, environmental and economic problems have always been a concern. Electric cars in the automotive field as a kind of energy-saving, environmental protection has become a hot research topic, however, short current electric vehicle mileage, the price in electric cars, no any character making it difficult to widely use. The key to solve this problem is to improve the power of the power battery. Technology to improve its performance and reduce the price. In order to solve this problem, the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery pack are studied and simulated, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of the power battery technology. There are many kinds of power battery, the research object of this paper is lead acid battery and lithium ion battery. First of all, the paper introduces the working principle of the 2 kinds of battery and the principle of fast charging. Then the charging circuit of the power battery is introduced. A nonlinear model based on third order model of lead-acid battery and lithium ion of high frequency switching power supply simulation model of battery, fast charging and discharging, big capacity lithium ion battery charging method of battery charging and discharging characteristics and fuel cell electric vehicle in the process model of lead-acid battery charge and discharge characteristics.

Simulation and analysis of temperature characteristics. Main research results are as follows: the principle of high frequency switching power supply, DC - DC converters, switches and other loss control strategy five order constant current fast charge is through rapid ZVS phase shifted full bridge converter charging method, by using continuous technique is used to determine the charging current charging method, the needling method were optimized, the simulation results show that, the fifth order constant current fast charging method is a efficient and practical method of charging. The three - order model of lead - acid battery was successfully applied in practice. Applied to the fuel cell electric vehicle, it is to improve the battery management system and electric vehicle energy management system is of great significance.

Key words:electric vehicle;power battery;charging and discharging;fast charging

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章：绪论 1

1.1课题的研究背景和意义 1

1.2电动汽车动力电池的发展现状 1

1.2.1铅酸蓄电池 2

1.2.2镍氢电池 2

1.2.3锂离子电池 2

1.2.4燃料电池 3

1.3本文主要的研究内容 3

第二章：动力电池的工作原理及快速充电原理 4

2.1电池工作原理 4

2.1.1铅酸蓄电池的工作原理 4

2.1.2锂离子电池的工作原理 4

2.2电池的电特性 5

2.2.1电池的电动势和工作电压 5

2.2.2电池的容量和比容量 5

2.2.3电池的能量和比能量 5

2.2.4电池的内阻 6

2.2.5电池的荷电状态SOC 6

2.3快速充电基本原理 6

2.3.1可接受充电曲线 6

2.3.2快速充电理论 6

2.3.3充电特性曲线的改善 7

2.3.4充电方法 8

2.4本章小结 9

第三章：动力电池的充电电路与仿真 10

3.1直流稳压电源 10

3.2充电电路的基本结构 11

3.3DC-DC变换电路 12

3.3.1全桥变换器 13

3.3.2全桥变换器的控制方式 14

3.3.3软开关技术 14

3.3.4ZVS移相全桥变换器 15

3.3.5开关管等损耗PWM控制策略 20

3.3.6开关电源的仿真分析 16

3.4本章小结 20

第四章：动力电池充电特性仿真 21

4.1电池的模型 21

4.1.1铅酸蓄电池模型 21

4.2仿真模型 23

4.2.1仿真结果分析 24

4.3本章小结 29

第五章：结论与展望 30

5.1结论 30

5.2展望 30

参考文献 32

致谢 35

1. 绪论

1.1课题的研究背景和意义

人们对于能源问题总是特别关注，怎么节约能源、保护环境，同时使经济得到发展呢? 为了成为一种清洁、环保的交通工具，电动汽车正在朝着这个目标努力，它能够减少污染，数量正在增加，将来会取代燃油车。20世纪80年代的能源危机是电动汽车发展的第一次动力，90年代的环保问题促进了电动汽车的第二次发展，在21世纪电动汽车将迎来第三次发展机遇^[1-2]。

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