论文总字数：33685字

摘 要

随着社会的发展所带来的能源危机、环保等问题的日益突出，电动汽车以其不排放污染物，不消耗珍贵的石油资源等优点在当前时代得到了快速发展，而电动汽车的快速发展也拉动了与之息息相关的一个产业的崛起——电动汽车充电桩的建设，随着国网和南网以及各个电气电力能源公司在全国各地大批量建设充电桩的规划的逐步落实，充电桩的建造已经步入高速发展的正轨。

本文基于目前电动汽车充电桩充电硬件系统的技术特点，研究探讨了车载动力电池的充放电原理及其规律和目班 级： 电气1202

姓 名：阮子晨

指导老师：邵如平

前常用于蓄电池快速充电技术，然后结合自身需要给出一套使用周期性正负方波电压充电的动力电池高效充电解决方案，然后结合电力电子技术和单片机技术，设计了直流充电桩的充电模块，即充电硬件系统的主电路和控制电路。

在充电桩的充电硬件电路设计上，使用了隔离型DC-DC变换器技术和脉宽调制控制技术。在主回路的设计采用三相全桥变换电路，它把电网输入的三相380V交流电转换为电压可调的直流电对电池充电。充电控制器主控芯片用的是PIC16F877单片机，其通过与BMS（电池管理系统）之间的通信，获取电池的电动势等各项状态参数，并把测量到的充电桩的输出电压和输出电流等物理量，反馈到中控芯片中进行处理和运算控制驱动电路(IGBT)的通断，从而实现对车载电池的自动充电过程的控制。主电路的电压电流等参数以及驱动电路和高频变压器的温度都由控制器实时监测，从而实现故障自诊断。

关键词：充电模块 整流滤波电路 充电控制器

The Design of Charging Hardware System of Electric Vehicle

Charging Pile

Abstract

With the development of society brought about by the energy crisis, environmental protection and other issues have become increasingly prominent, the electric car for the discharge of pollutants, does not consume the precious oil resources and advantages in the current era of the rapid development, and the rapid development of electric vehicles has driven the development of the related closely with an industry the rise of electric vehicle charging pile construction, and with the national network and South Network and various electrical power energy company in the gradual implementation of the country large quantities of charging pile construction planning, charging pile construction has entered a rapid development track.

The based on the current electric vehicle charging charging pile of hardware system, the technical characteristics, the study examines the car battery charge and discharge principles and rules and current commonly used in the battery quick charging technology. Then, combined with the itself needs to be given a life cycle of positive and negative square wave voltage charging battery, charging solution, and then combined with the power electronic technology and single-chip technology, design of the DC charging the main circuit and control circuit of the charging pile hardware system.

In the charging pile charging hardware circuit design, the use of the isolated DC-DC converter technology and pulse width modulation control technology. Is used in the design of the main circuit of the three-phase full bridge converter, it is the input power grid three-phase 380V alternating current conversion voltage adjustable direct current to charge the battery, charging master controller chip used is PIC16F877 microcontroller, through communication with BMS (battery management system), get battery electromotive force and the state parameters, and the physical quantity to measure the charging pile of output voltage and output current, feedback to the control chip for processing and driving control circuit ( On-off of IGBT), so as to realize the control of the car battery automatic charging process. Main circuit of voltage and current parameters and drive circuit and high-frequency transformer temperature are by the controller in real time monitoring, in order to achieve fault self diagnosis.

Key Words: Charging module; Rectifier filter circuit; Charging controller;

目 录

摘 要 II

Abstract III

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景和研究意义 1

1.2充电桩的国内外发展现状 3

1.2.1充电桩的国内发展现状 3

1.2.2电动汽车充电桩的国外发展现状 4

1.3电动汽车充电桩的前景分析 5

1.4本文的研究内容 5

第二章 现行充电桩的分类及其接口标准 6

2.1现有电动汽车充电桩的分类 6

2.2充电桩的充电接口 6

2.2.1交流充电桩的接口 7

2.2.2直接充电桩的接口 8

2.3本章小结 10

第三章 动力电池特性分析及其充电方案设计 11

3.1动力电池及其性能指标介绍 11

3.2常用动力电池介绍 12

3.2.1铅酸蓄电池 12

3.2.2镍镉蓄电池 13

3.2.3锂离子蓄电池 14

3.3蓄电池充放电特性分析 15

3.3.1蓄电池充放电的基本物理概念 15

3.3.2蓄电池的充放电特性 17

3.3.3电池可接受的充电电流曲线 19

3.4马斯定律 21

3.5充电方法和充电控制技术 21

3.5.1常见的充电方法 21

3.5.2充电控制技术 24

3.6 电动汽车充电方案的总体设计 25

3.6.1充电方法和控制技术的选择 25

3.6.2充电控制技术的选择 26

3.6.3充电硬件系统的总体设计 27

3.7本章小结 27

第四章 直流充电桩的充电硬件系统设计 28

4.1直流充桩的总体结构 28

4.2充电模块的原理及其总体设计 29

4.3充电主电路设计 30

4.3.1充电电源及其拓扑结构选择 30

4.3.2充电电源主电路设计 31

4.4充电控制器的设计 32

4.4.1充电控制器的总体结构设计 32

4.4.2中控单元设计 33

4.4.3数据采集电路设计 34

4.4.4 PWM信号产生电路设计 37

4.4.5驱动电路设计 37

4.4.6串行通信电路设计 38

4.5本章小结 39

第五章 直流充电桩的其他模块设计 40

5.1主控单元 40

5.2辅助电源电源电路设计 40

5.3 Flash电路设计 41

5.4人机接口电路设计 43

5.5本章小结 44

第六章 总结与展望 45

6.1全文总结 45

6.2本文展望 46

参考文献 47

致谢 49

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