论文总字数：20171字

摘 要

环境污染与能源危机促进了可再生、环境友好替代能源的发展。生物柴油作为替代能源，具有绿色、安全、可再生的特点,受到世界各国的广泛关注。而较高的生产成本限制了生物柴油的使用和推广,因此选择低成本的原料、减少生产能耗、简化工艺流程、增加催化剂的循环使用等是降低生物柴油成本的主要方法。

本论文以棉籽为原料，甲醇为萃取剂，采用固体酸为催化剂，通过塔式串联反应器生产生物柴油。通过考察塔节数、反应温度，甲醇用量对棉籽出油率和脂肪酸甲酯转化率的影响，通过单因素实验得到最佳反应条件为：反应温度55℃，塔节数3节，甲醇流量1.5ml/min。在此反应条件下，通过验证实验得到脂肪酸甲酯转化率为99.1％，棉籽出油率为98.1％，游离棉酚含量为0.026％。

关键词：棉籽 生物柴油 塔式串联反应器 塔节数 固体酸

Preparation of Biodiesel from Cottonseed oil by Solid Acid Catalyst ABSTRACT

Environment pollution and energy crisis to promote the development of renewable alternative energy sources, environment friendly. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source, has the characteristics of green, safety, renewable, and received extensive attention all over the world. And higher production costs would have limited the use of biodiesel and the promotion, so choose the low cost raw materials, reduce energy consumption, simplified technological process, increase of recycle of catalyst such as the main method is to reduce the cost of biodiesel.

This paper by cottonseed as raw material, methanol as extraction agent, using solid acid as catalyst, through the tower reactor in series production of biodiesel. Were studied. By investigating the number of column section, reaction temperature, dosage of methanol on cotton seed yield efficiency and the effect of fatty acid methyl ester conversion, optimum reaction conditions is obtained by single factor experiment is: the reaction temperature of 55 ℃, tower section number 3 section, methanol flow rate 1.5 ml/min. Under the reaction conditions, through the verification experiment get fatty acid methyl ester conversion rate is 99.1%, cotton seed yield efficiency of 98.1%, free gossypol content is 0.026%.

KEYWORDS: Cottonseed; Biodiesel;Tower series reactor; Tower section number; Solid acidas

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 生物柴油简介 1

1.2.1 生物柴油的特性………………………………………………..2

1.2.2 国外生物柴油的发展与现状…………………………………..3

1.2.3 国内生物柴油的发展与现状…………………………………..3

1.3 生物柴油制备方法综述 4

1.3.1 直接混合法....................................................................................5

1.3.2 微乳液法......................................................................................5

1.3.3 高温裂解法..................................................................................5

1.3.4 酯交换法......................................................................................6

1.4 以油籽为原料生产生物柴油 8

1.5 本论文研究内容 10

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1 主要仪器设备及试剂 10

2.1.1 原料及试剂................................................................................10

2.1.2 实验仪器和器皿 .......................................................................11

2.2 实验装置搭建 11

2.2.1 催化剂塔节的设计......................................................................11

2.2.2塔式串联反应装置搭建...............................................................11

2.3 实验流程 11

2.3.1 塔式串联反应器制备生物柴油步骤........................................11

2.3.2 塔式串联反应器制备生物柴油实验条件确定........................12

2.4 脂肪酸甲酯含量分析 12

第三章 实验结果与讨论 14

3.1 塔节数对脂肪酸甲酯含量的影响 14

3.2 反应温度对脂肪酸甲酯含量的影响 15

3.3 甲醇流速对脂肪酸甲酯含量的影响 16

3.4 连续性实验 17

第四章 结论与展望 18

参考文献 20

致 谢 24

第一章 绪论

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