论文总字数：16539字

摘 要

镁铝复合金属氧化物(LDO)是由碳酸根型水滑石(LDH)在500~600℃时分解得到。LDO具有很高的热稳定性和比表面，可作为酸碱双功能催化剂，对某些碱性催化反应如羟醛缩合和2-丙醇分解有很好的催化性能。LDO与传统的均相催化剂相比，反应副产物少、后处理容易，是一种很有工业开发前景的新型碱性催化材料。丙氧基化反应作为工业上生产非离子表面活性剂最重要的技术，愈来愈受到关注。丙氧基化反应主要是环氧丙烷((PO)在催化剂存在下与含活泼氢(醇、酚、酸等)的有机化合物进行开环加成反应制得。

丙氧基化油酸甲酯是一种性能优异的醚-酯型非离子表面活性剂，受到了越来越多的关注。但由于油酸甲基酯无活性氢，目前存在的催化剂无法直接使其与环氧丙烷得到丙氧基化油酸甲酯。因此本文制备出镁铝复合氧化物MgAlO催化剂用于油酸甲酯丙氧基化反应，探索油酸甲酯一步法丙氧基化工艺的可行性。研究了不同n(Mg(NO₃)_2·6H₂O)/n(Al(NO)_3·9H₂O)配比，催化剂不同煅烧温度，反应温度，反应压力对油酸甲酯丙氧基化反应的影响。结果表明，当催化剂原料中Mg/ Al=1:1.5，焙烧温度为500℃，反应温度为160℃，反应体系压力为0.4MPa时，产物的平均分子量最大，说明该条件下的催化剂的催化效果最好。

关键词：镁铝复合材料，催化，丙氧基化

Magnesium aluminum composite metal oxide catalytic reaction of methyl oleate propoxylated

Abstract

Magnesium aluminum composite metal oxide (LDO) is composed of carbonate hydrotalcite (LDH) decomposition at 500 ~ 600℃. LDO with high thermal stability and surface area can be used as acid-base bifunctional catalyst , for some base catalyzed reactions such as aldol , and 2-propanol decompositionhave a good catalytic performance. Compared with the conventional LDO homogeneous catalyst, reaction by-products and less post-treatment is easy, it is a promising new prospects for the development of industrial alkaline catalytic material. Propoxylated reaction as industrial production of non-ionic surfactants of the most important technology, more and more attention. Propoxylated reaction primarily of propylene oxide (PO) in the presence of a catalyst with active hydrogen-containing organic compounds (alcohols, phenols, acids, etc.) the ring-opening addition reaction.

Propoxylated is an excellent oil methyl ether - ester type non-ionic surfactant, has been more and more attention. However, due to the methyl ester of oleic acid having no active hydrogen, the catalyst existing propylene oxide so that it can not be directly obtained propoxylated methyl oleate. Therefore, this article was prepared magnesium aluminum composite oxide catalysts for oil methyl MgAlO propoxylation reaction, to explore oil propoxylated methyl-step pr℃ess is feasible. The effects of different n(Mg(NO₃) ₂·6H₂O) / n(Al(NO)₃·9H₂O) ratio, the catalyst calcined at different temperatures, the reaction temperature, reaction pressure on the oil methyl propoxylation reaction the results showed that when the catalyst raw material Mg / Al = 1: 1.5, the calcination temperature is 500℃, the reaction temperature is 160℃, the reaction system pressure is 0.4MPa, the average weight of the largest product, indicating that the catalytic effect of the catalyst under the best ratio.

Keywords: magnesium aluminum composite, catalytic, propoxylated

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 镁铝复合金属氧化物催化油酸甲酷乙氧基化反应机理 2

1.3 油酸甲酯环氧化的不同催化剂体 2

1.3.1 硫酸氢钠催化合成环氧油酸甲酯的环氧反应 2

1.3.2 磷钨酸季铵盐催化油酸甲酯的环氧反应 3

1.3.3 B酸离子液体 [HSO₃-(CH₂)₃-mim][HSO₄]催化油酸甲酯环氧反应 3

1.4 菜籽油非均相催化合成环氧油酸甲酯 4

1.5 研究内容 4

1.5.1 研究目的与意义 4

1.5.2 拟解决的关键问题 5

1.5.3 研究的主要内容 5

1.5.4 实验方案 5

第二章 实验部分 7

2.1 实验材料 7

2.1.1 实验药品 7

2.1.2 实验仪器 7

2.2 合成部分 7

2.2.2 油酸甲酯的丙氧基化反应 8

第三章 实验结果分析 9

3.1 分析方法 9

3.1.1 皂化值的测算 9

3.1.2 酸值的测算 9

3.1.3 平均分子量的测算 10

3.2 SEM表征 12

3.3 反应温度的影响 13

3.4 反应压力的影响 14

第四章 全文结论 15

参考文献 16

致谢 18

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