论文总字数：13612字

摘 要

自从我国确立社会主义市场经济体制以来，经济快速发展，对合同的需求越来越多。合同的大量运用一方面促进了经济的发展，另一方面也导致一系列的社会问题，许多不合理的合同被披上合法的外衣，霸王条款大行其道，诚信观念受到冲击。

最先出现格式合同的是保险业与铁路运输业，随着格式合同盛行，在一定程度上扩大了市场规模，使得交易更加专业化，冲击了合同的自由原则，破坏了双方意思表示的基础，导致某些事实上的不公平在合同订立时出现。合同缔结过程中，说明义务的提出一定程度矫正了格式合同本身不平等，也是对合同自由的维护。

虽然格式合同存在一些弊端，但是由于格式合同使用的便捷、省时、经济，各国都承认了格式合同的效力。考虑到提高交易效率和安全性的需要，急需解决的问题是如何对格式合同进行规制，这是当代合同法研究发展的趋势。说明义务是格式合同的重要组成内容，怎样从合同订约的开始弥补合同当事人之间信息不对称，保护处于弱势地位的合同一方的利益，成为法学界关注的重要研究课题，也是本文研究格式合同立法上说明义务的意义。

本文以我国合同缔结中的法律规范为立足点，分析了格式合同缔结中的说明义务立法缺陷，并借鉴国外先进的立法经验，对我国格式合同说明义务法律的履行范围和方式以及相应的法律责任的认定等加以分析，以期寻求改进建议。

关键词：格式合同 说明义务 诚信原则

The format contract obligations

Abstract

Since establishing market economy system in our country, contract the position in social and economic increasing.Contract is widely used to promote the development of the economy, but also a series of social problems, many unreasonable contract is a legal cloak overlord terms.

Format contract is a contract law of the development of the important symbol of the 20th century, especially after world war ii, the format contract is applied to almost all of the business.On the one hand, the format contract to solve the problem of expanding of the modern market, the development of trade specialization and made contributions to the increase of transaction cost problems such as;Format terms, on the other hand, to a certain extent, the impact of contract freedom principles, destroy the basis for the purpose of both contracting parties, make form and essentially unfair when concluding the contract.In the contract the contracting process, format contract providers to demonstrative obligation is to rectify the inequality of format contract, is the maintenance of justice about the contract.

Although format contract exist some disadvantages, but considering of the need to improve the efficiency and safety, the countries to acknowledge the legitimacy of the format contract, the key is to how to regulating the format contract, this is the trend of the development of the contemporary contract law.The provisions of the demonstrative obligation is an important part of format contract regulation, how to go from the starting point of contract for asymmetric information between the parties to a contract, adhere to the principle of contract freedom, and maintain the contract justice, to protect the interests of the disadvantaged consumers, become legal science must focus on the important topic, is also in this paper, the format contract legislation demonstrative obligation of regulation on the significance of the study.

Based on the legal norms in the contract concluded as foothold in China, analyzes the legislative defects demonstrative obligation in the format contract concluded, and draw lessons from foreign advanced legislation experience, to the extent of format contract law shows an obligation and the way and the cognizance of the corresponding legal responsibility analysis.

Keywords: format contract; information asymmetry;demonstrative obligation principle of good faith

目 录

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

引言 1

一、格式合同说明义务基本理论的分析 2

（一）格式合同说明义务产生原因：信息不对称 2

（二）格式合同说明义务直接理论来源：诚实信用原则 3

（三）格式合同的提出与契约自由冲突 3

二、格式合同说明义务规定的缺陷和不足 5

（一）我国的法律对格式合同说明义务的规定 5

（二）格式合同说明义务立法上欠缺和不足 7

三、格式合同说明义务的外国法借鉴 8

（一）德国法中格式合同说明义务 8

（二）日本法格式合同提供人的说明义务 9

四、完善我国格式合同说明义务的建议 10

（一）制定专门规制格式合同的法律 10

（二）完善说明义务的履行程度 11

（三）补充格式合同提供人未履行说明义务的法律责任 11

结语 13

参考文献 14

引 言

随着我国市场经济的发展，契约在社会生活中的地位日益凸现出来。与此同时，也滋生出大量不合理的现象，交易中的不诚信行为比比皆是，各种欺骗行为屡见不鲜。尤其在消费领域中，由于信息不对称给消费者的利益带来损害的现象日益严重。而进一步完善契约制度是改善消费环境、维护广大消费者利益、保障市场经济良性发展的基本前提。

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