论文总字数：16605字

摘 要

在印染生产中中,活性染料广泛应用于纤维素和纤维织物的染色和印花,但由于活性染料在上染固着的同时会发生水解，而水解染料吸附在纤维上形成浮色，严重影响染色产品的色牢度^[1]，因此，活性染料染色后必须进行皂洗.作为印染工艺的后处理助剂,皂洗剂在皂洗过程中起着很重要的作用^[2]。传统纤维织物染色后要经过多道洗涤工序，费时费力,因此开发低能耗水且环境污染小的净洗剂越发的被人们重视。

MA-AA 二元共聚物分散性良好,制备成本低,但防沾色性并不理想。鉴于该情况,本文实验在MA-AA 二元共聚物中引入NVP 合成了MA-AA-NVP 三元共聚物,共聚物分子中增加了含N 五元环的特殊结构。期望新结构不但能增强共聚物对染料及一些杂质的吸附性能,而且能提高共聚物分子链对染料微粒的包覆稳定能力,以进一步提高共聚物复配物的防沾色性。

本实验是以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为原料，以过硫酸铵为引发剂，合成三元共聚物P（MA-AA-NVP）。单体的滴加时间2h ,聚合温度为80℃。合成条件m(AA) ∶m(MA) ∶m(NVP) = 2.7∶1.0：0.7 ,引发剂用量为单体总质量的5.2%。MA-AA-NVP 三元共聚物具有更好的分散性，可以增强皂洗剂对杂质和染料颗粒的吸附和包裹能力，从而达到理想的皂洗、防沾污和抗沾色效果，经其皂洗后的纺织品各项性能良好。

关键字：皂洗剂 共聚物 活性染料

Synthesis and performance test of MA-AA-NVP three element copolymer

Abstract

In printing and dyeing production, reactive dyes widely used on cellulose and

fiber knitted fabric's dyeing and printing, but due to reactive dyes in the dyefixation and hydrolysis occurs, and hydrolysis of dye adsorption in the fiberforming a floating color, serious influence on the dyeing color fastness [1]products. Therefore, reactive dye staining must be, soap. As the dyeing and finishing process of processing aids, soaping agent in the soaping process playsa very important role in [2]. After the dyeing of the traditional fabric, it is time-consuming and laborious, so the clean lotion with low energy consumption and small environmental pollution is emphasized.

MA-AA two element copolymer has good dispersion and low cost, but anti staining is not ideal.. In view of this, the NVP three element copolymer of MA-AA-NVP was synthesized in MA-AA two element copolymer, and the special structure of the copolymer molecules containing N five ring was added.. In anticipation of a new structure not only can enhance the adsorption properties of copolymer of dyes and some impurities and improve copolymer molecular chain on the dye particles coated stability, to further improve the copolymer blends of anti staining of.

The synthesis conditions of M (MA): m (AA): m (SA) =2:6:0.8, the dosage of initiator is 4.5% of total monomers quality, reaction temperature 75 ℃, reaction time is 2h. MA-AA-NVP three element copolymer has better dispersion.It can enhance the adsorption ability and wrapped soap lotion on impurities and dye particles, P（MM-AA-SA）performed excellent at cleaning unfixed dyes in soaping process after reactive dyeing than other samples.

Keywords：Soaping Copolymer Reactive dye

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 - 1 -

1.1绪论 - 1 -

1.2活性染料染色的基本原理 - 1 -

1.3皂洗机理 - 2 -

1.3.1浮色的产生 - 2 -

1.3.2皂洗机理 - 2 -

1.3.3影响皂洗效果的其他因素 - 3 -

1.4皂洗剂组成以及对皂洗剂的要求 - 4 -

1.4.1皂洗剂的组成 - 4 -

1.4.2对皂洗剂的要求 - 4 -

1.5皂洗剂的发展现状和趋势 - 5 -

1.5.1皂洗剂现状和新型皂洗剂 - 5 -

1.5.2皂洗剂发展趋势 - 6 -

1.6高分子聚合物皂洗剂 - 6 -

1.7实验思路和实验意义 - 6 -

1.7.1实验思路 - 7 -

1.7.2实验意义 - 7 -

第二章 实验部分 - 8 -

2.1实验试剂 - 8 -

2.2实验仪器 - 8 -

2.3三元聚合物P（MA-AA-NVP)的合成 - 9 -

2.3.1反应原理 - 9 -

2.3.2反应步骤 - 12 -

2.3.3实验装置 - 12 -

2.4染色工艺和曲线 - 13 -

2.5性能测试 - 13 -

2.5.1皂洗残夜的吸光度测试 - 13 -

2.5.2皂洗后棉织物K/S值及DE*值的测试 - 14 -

2.5.3皂洗后棉织物干湿摩擦牢度的测试 - 14 -

2.5.4防沾色性能的测试 - 14 -

第三章 结果与讨论 - 15 -

3.1三元共聚物的表征 - 15 -

3.2三元共聚物P(MA-AA-NVP)的合成比例及最佳条件 - 15 -

3.3引发剂的用量对共聚物性能的影响 - 17 -

3.4皂洗剂用量对皂洗效果的影响 - 17 -

3.5皂洗时间对皂洗效果的影响 - 18 -

3.6皂洗温度对皂洗效果的影响 - 19 -

第四章 结论 - 20 -

参考文献 - 21 -

致谢 - 23 -

第一章 文献综述

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：16605字