论文总字数：18446字

摘 要

活性染料是纤维素纤维织物染色用量最大的染料，但由于水解而导致利用率不高。吸附在纤维上的水解染料易形成浮色，会影响染色产品的色牢度。常规的棉织物在活性染料的上染都会相应紧跟一步还原净洗和一步皂洗清洗工艺，两次的净洗过程占用了整个工艺流程的大量时间，且耗水严重。还原净洗使用的保险粉不仅存在运输、储备、安全等方面的问题也会造成污染性废水，开发低能耗水且环境污染小的净洗剂越发的被人们重视。

本论文以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸十八酯(SA)为单体，以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂，在乙醇溶液中，共聚合成了较高分子质量的聚马来酸酐-丙烯酸-丙烯酸十八酯三元共聚物 MA-AA-SA(PMAS)。将具有柔韧支链的第三单体引入到MA/AA共聚物之中，设计合成了具有梳状结构的高分子化合物PMAS。研究发现共聚物的皂洗性能与引入的第三单体的亲脂性密切相关，亲脂性越好皂洗效果越好，长链的洗涤作用和高分子的卷曲包覆絮凝作用的结合使得这类化合物具有很好的皂洗性能。本论文在参考当前众多研究和应用的前提下，通过正交实验确定其合成的最佳工艺为：m（MA）:m（AA）:m（SA）=2:6:2.5，引发剂用量为单体质量的2.5%，反应温度65 ℃，反应时间7 h。

分别对染有活性红、活性黄、活性蓝、活性藏青的四种不同颜色的棉织物皂洗，通过对K/S值、干湿摩擦牢度以及皂洗残夜吸光度的测定，综合相关表征手段，确定了皂洗剂的最佳用量为1.2 g/L,通过对皂洗时间和皂洗温度对皂洗性能的影响，发现在85℃，皂洗时间为20 min。此高聚物在上述条件下展现出优异的去除织物浮色性能，经其皂洗后的纺织品各项性能良好，其皂洗残液吸光度值远高于市售标样，防沾色性能也优于市售标样。一些相关的化学表征手段，证实此高聚物是既有较好净洗能力，又有较强的抗沾色能力的高聚物，且易生物降解，是一种环保型的纺织助剂。

关键词： 共聚物 聚合 复配 皂洗

Abstract

Reactive dye is cellulose fiber fabric dyeing of the most consumable dye, but as a result of hydrolysis to two utilization rate is not high . Adsorption in the fiber on the hydrolysis dye easy form floating color, the serious influence dyeing product color fastness. Reduction wash and soaping is necessary for polyester dyed by Dispersal dyes and cotton by Reactive dyes, the process of which requires a great quantity of water, energy, time and chemical materials. In addition, used as reductant, the sodium hydrosulfite not only has many problems in transport, storage and security but is also one of the major sources of the pollution. It is more and more valued to develop new type washing agent which is friendly to environment and works with less water, energy and cost.

An addition polymerization of maleic anhydride(MA),acrylic acid(AA) and octadecyl acrylate(SA) in ethanol is initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) to form copolymer PMAS which has high molecule weight.With flexile branch to MA/AA copolymer, we designed and prepared the macromolecule compounds which own comb-like structures is PMAS. Reaches indicated that the soaping effect of polymers is closely related with the lipophilic character of the third monomer. The better lipophilic character, the better soaping effect for reactive dyes. Due to the scour function of long-chain and flocculation function of macromolecule such compounds has a good soaping performance. After referring to numerous studies and application, the best synthetic method would be determined by orthogonal, and the structure of the material would be characterized by IR. The optimized conditions are defined as follows: m(MA):m(AA):m(SA)=2:6:2, ω(initiator)=2.5%,reaction at 65℃ for 7h. The polymer performed excellent at cleaning unfixed dyes in soaping process after reactive dyeing than other samples. As follows the absorbance of soaping liquid of this is also higher than standard sample. The formulation of MA- AA-SA is a soaping agent as ecological textile uxiliary, biode gradable , having both good detergency and quite strong anti- staining power. The structures were confirmed by IR. This method

is convenient, simple, and it also has a good yield.

KEY WORDS: Copolymerization；Polymerize；Compound；Soaping

目录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT III

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 前言 1

1.2 活性染料染色的基本理论 2

1.3 共聚物皂洗剂的研究概况 3

1.4 皂洗过程 4

1.4 本课题实施方案及创新点 5

第二章 共聚物的合成及其测试 6

2.1 前言 6

2.2 实验药品 6

2.3 实验仪器 8

2.4 反应原理 8

2.5 聚合物的合成 9

2.6 实验装置图 10

2.7 染色配方及工艺曲线^[31] 10

2.7.1 染色用布及染色配方 10

2.7.2 染色工艺曲线 11

2.8 聚合物表征与测试 12

2.8.1 聚合物的红外光谱分析 12

2.8.2 表面张力的测定 12

2.9 应用性能测试 12

2.9.1 皂洗残夜的吸光度测试 12

2.9.2 皂洗后棉织物K/S值及DE*值的测试 12

第三章 结果与讨论 13

3.1 表征与测试 13

3.1.1 PMAS红外谱图表征 13

3.1.2 水溶液的表面张力测定 14

3.1.3 凝胶渗透色谱测试 15

3.2 PMAS浓度对活性染料皂洗效果的影响 16

3.3 复配体系各组分比例的确定 17

3.4 皂洗温度/时间对皂洗效果的影响 18

3.5 与市售产品防沾色性能的比较 20

第四章 结论与展望 21

4.1 结论 21

4.2 展望 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

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