论文总字数：22855字

摘 要

随着能源资源的紧缺和电动汽车、电机、电控系统技术的深入研究，电动汽车的性能和经济性早已完善甚至优于传统的汽车，并且开始逐步的全世界得到大众认可。电动汽车消耗电能代替燃油，其“零气体排放”、“低噪声”指标可以改善环境降低空气污染。所以说，进一步发展电动汽车将成为未来汽车工业的一大发展目标，这样的目标早已被全世界人们接受^[1]。如今我国已经向环境友好型经济进军，那么电动汽车的发展将大大地促进这一计划的完成，这也是国务院已经批准的战略产业中的佼佼者，电动汽车的发展研究必将成为将来中国新能源产业的领头企业。

通过对蓄电池原理的特性和多年的研究，开创了新的充电模式，前期充电以多段方式进行恒流充电，于后期电压不足时进行补足电压充电；进过设计系统的完善改进，结合电压增量控制和电池的温度特性产生的控制手段。

经上文所诉，文章介绍了新的电池管理系统，其结合分布式及功能模块化的技术，系统由主模块、温度采集、电流电压测量、显示灯部分组成，各个模块连接LIN以此来实现相互间的通讯。系统的微控制器在充电的环境下对采集的数据进行系统性分析出来，从而达到有效的能源转换^[3]。

本文所述的充电桩系统设计，硬件电路可靠，抗干扰能力强，尤为突出智能化充电设计，更是将来电动汽车发展的重要方向。

关键词：电动汽车 系统模块 电池容量 系统设计

Charging pile system design

Abstract

With the development of scarce resources roommate and electric car batteries, motors, electrical control system technology, electric vehicles in terms of performance and economy already crystallized even better than traditional fuel vehicles, and began to promote and apply worldwide. Electric car with electricity with oil, to achieve "zero emissions" and "low-noise", which is the primary means of solving energy and environmental issues. With electric vehicles as the representative of a new generation of energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles is the inevitable trend of development of the automobile industry, this understanding has become a common consensus. With a low-carbon economy has become the main theme of China's, as an important part of the new energy strategy and smart grid, in one of the State Council's strategic emerging industries, electric vehicles will become the focus in the future of China's automobile industry.

First introduces the development of today's electric vehicles and electric vehicle classification, the basic structure. On the basis of the electric car battery works, voltage, current and temperature characteristics of the battery and the traditional forecasting methods, the proposed method using the remaining battery capacity forecasting experience combined with the integral calculation.

Based on the study of fast battery charging principles and present a variety of charging methods, we proposed a two-stage charging mode, that is, in the pre-charging fast charging method using multi-stage constant current charging and pulse charging combination, and in the late charge using constant voltage Top-up charging method; fast battery charging control technology discussed in the design, using a battery voltage negative increment control, battery voltage control and maximum battery temperature control functions integrated control method.

Based on the above research, this paper describes the development of a distributed, functional modular vehicle battery management system, which is mainly from the main control module,

control the charging system modules, voltage acquisition sub-module, the temperature acquisition sub-module, current measuring sub modules and display modules, communication with each other via the LIN bus. And based on the overall design, specific analyzes and discusses the various module circuit design and implement specific methods; system uses ATMEGA8L as microcontroller programming at ICC environment, complete the main control, 485 communication module, battery condition monitoring and charge management software part of the design, and lists the flowchart software function of the module implementation.

Herein battery management system design, hardware circuit reliable anti-interference ability, convenient debugging software design has been applied in an electric motor vehicles in Singapore, which is worth thinking intelligent charging continue after in-depth study and promotion.

Key words：electric cars system module battery capacity system design

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

前言 1

第一章 选题背景 2

1.1 题目来源 2

1.2 选题目的和意义 2

1.3 国内外现状和发展趋势 3

1.4 课题的设计目的 4

第二章 基本理论 5

2.1 电动汽车电池简介 5

2.2 实现电动汽车充电的基本条件 5

2.3 硬件设计理论 6

2.4 充电桩运行模式 7

2.5 基本原理介绍 8

第三章 充电电路设计 14

3.1 充电桩的系统功能 14

3.1.1电动汽车交流充电桩概况 14

3.1.2 交流充电桩的工作原理 14

3.1.3 交流充电桩的系统方案 15

3.1.4 控制系统单元电路 16

3.1.5 桩体电气部分 19

3.1.6 软件 19

3.2 充电主电路 20

3.3 充电系统参数 21

第四章 整流电路设计 24

4.1原理及方案 24

4.2 主电路的设计及器件选择 24

4.2.1 三相全控桥的工作特点 25

4.2.2 阻感负载时的波形分析 26

第五章 电动汽车充电桩智能化 28

5.1 硬件系统 28

5.2 软件系统 30

5.3 智能化设计 31

5.3.1智能充电器的硬件 31

5.3.2 智能充电器软件 34

参考文献 36

致谢 38

前言

目前，我国能源资源十分短缺，环境问题与经济的发展日益冲突，已知国内的人均资源占有量仅仅占有世界水平的7．7％；与此同时，我国人口基数大的原因使得其能源资源的消耗远远高于其他国家尤其是欧美等国，人均GDP的增长却消耗大量的能源，且能源越来越依赖进口。文章内容安排如下：

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