论文总字数：24465字

摘 要

二十一世纪，全球范围内能耗的升高和温室效应的加剧，对发展更高级的能量系统以提高能量利用率，并减少CO2排放提出了更迫切的要求。在工业生产中至少50%的热量以各种形式的余热被直接排放到大气中，不仅造成了能源浪费，而且对环境造成热污染。“十一五”规划纲要中明确提出，“2010 年单位国内生产总值能耗比2005 年降低20%”，《节能减排综合性工作方案》进一步明确，中国万元国内生产总值能耗将由2005年的1.22 t标准煤下降到1 t 标准煤以下的约束性指标。利用低温余热发电在不增加新能耗的前提下，获得更强劲的能源支撑，对我国实现节能减排、环保发展战略具有重要的现实意义。

随着经济的发展，钢铁全行业的微利局面，正倒逼钢铁节能市场逐步开启。以烧结余热锅炉为代表的钢铁节能设备技术已经成熟，且得到了钢厂的普遍认可。本文首先介绍了烧结余热锅炉的发展现状并介绍了宝钢烧结余热锅炉的利用案例，借助对宝钢烧结余热锅炉的特点、工作原理、优缺点的分析，提出自己的看法以及对烧结余热锅炉的发展展望。

本文设计的是2.0Mpa烧结余热锅炉，主要设计内容包括过热器、蒸发器、省煤器的设计选型，其中过热器与蒸发器采用翅片管换热技术，省煤器则采用热管换热技术。翅片管的选用是先根据GB5310-2008《高压锅炉用无缝钢管》标准选取无缝钢管，再根据GB/T13237《优质碳素结构冷轧薄钢板和钢带》标准选用翅片管材料。热管的设计、生产、及验收执行SNB001-97《碳钢-水重力热管技术条件》标准。本课题采用理论计算法，根据确定的烟气进出口温度和烟气流量，以及加热水的进口温度和工业要求的蒸汽出口温度计算出所需水的流量。再对过热器、蒸发器和省煤器进行热平衡计算得到各自的进出口温度。再分别对过热器、蒸发器和省煤器进行结构尺寸的设计。最后，对过热器烟气侧、蒸发器烟气侧和省煤器烟气进行阻力降的校核，同时对过热器蒸发器设计时所选用的翅片管和省煤器冷侧热管所选用的套管进行强度校核，以期满足工程要求。

本论文中的过热器因为管排数较少（两排），直接与过热器焊接在同一个壳体中，从而减少占用空间，使设备更加紧凑美观。本设计中的过热器和蒸发器采用的翅片管换热技术相比于普通光管技术，可使传热面积大大增加，传热效率显著提高；由于翅片管具有良好的传热性能，在受热时外表面温度一致，热应力均匀，不会产生集中，也不会产生强度薄弱点，另外，翅片对烟气具有导流作用，导流的同时，使烟气的各项指标（温度、流速、灰分等）更加均匀，不会产生烟气偏流，也就不会造成烟气集中冲刷某一区域或某一部位。因此比较耐磨。而省煤器采用了热管换热技术，相比与翅片管换热，热管具有传热效率高、结构紧凑、流体阻损小、有利于控制露点腐蚀等优点，可有效解决省煤器热量利用不足及烟气侧露点腐蚀等问题。

关键词：烧结 余热锅炉 蒸发器 过热器 省煤器

Design of 2.0 MPa sintering waste heat boiler

Abstract

In the 21st century, the rise of global energy consumption and greenhouse effect has put forward more pressing requirements to delop more advanced energy systems to improve energy efficiency, and reduce CO2 emisevsions. At least 50% of the calories in industrial production of waste heat is discharged directly into the atmosphere in various forms,This not only caused energy waste, but also cause thermal pollution to the environment. An outline of the eleventh five-year plan clearly put forward that "in 2010, energy consumption per unit GDP 20% lower than in 2005", "energy conservation and emissions reduction comprehensive work plan" further clear, China's ten thousand yuan GDP energy consumption must dropp from 1.22t in 2005 of standard coal to binding forces under 1 t of standard coal. Using low temperature waste heat power generation has important practical significance in realizing the development strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection in China without any increase in new energy consumption under the premise of get a more robust energy support. With the development of economy, iron and steel industry’s all poor earnings are forced opening the market of transmission steel energy-saving gradually. Represented by sintering waste heat boiler steel energy-saving equipment technology is mature, and obtained the general recognition of the steel mill.

This paper introduces the development status of sintering waste heat boiler and describes the case of Baosteel sintering heat boiler, with the characteristics of Baosteel sintering heat boiler, the advantages and disadvantages are under analysis, as well as present my views on the development of sintering waste heat boiler. This papre designs 2.0Mpa sintering waste heat boiler, the main design including superheater, evaporator, economizer design and selection, in which the superheater and evaporator using finned tube heat exchanger technology, heat pipe heat exchanger technology is used in economizer. Selection of finned tube is first according to GB5310-2008 standard for high pressure boiler seamless steel pipe seamless steel pipe, according to GB/T13237 "cold rolled steel sheet and high quality carbon structure steel belt" standard choose finned tube material. The design, production, and acceptance of heat pipe execute SNB001-97 standard for carbon steel - water gravity heat pipe technology conditions. This paper uses the theoretical calculation method, based on the temperature of the outlet and inlet flue gas, the heat of stem that can meet the need is calculated. Then, evaporator and superheater economizer heat balance has been caculated to get their own import and export temperature. Again, respectively, the structure size of evaporator and superheater economizer has been designed. Finally, on the gas side superheater, evaporator and economizer flue gas side pressure drop in the check, while the superheater evaporator design chosen finned tubes and economizer cold side of the heat pipe of choice the casing strength check, in order to meet project requirements.

Because superheater tube row number in this paper (two) is less,directly welding with the superheater in the same shell, so as to reduce the occupied space, make equipment more compact and beautiful.The design of the superheater and evaporator finned tube heat transfer technique, compared to the ordinary light tube technology, can make the heat transfer area increase graetly, heat transfer efficiency increased significantly; Because the finned tube has good heat transfer performance, when the outside heated,the surface temperature, the thermal stress are evenly, which won't produce concentrated, also won't produce strength weak spot. in addition, the fin can make diversion effects of flue gas, at the same time, the diversion make each index of the flue gas (temperature, flow rate, ash content, etc.) more even and will not produce smoke drift, there would be no flue gas concentration caused by scouring an area or a particular part. So,it is more wear-resistant.Compared with the finned tube heat exchanger , heat pipe with high heat transfer efficiency, compact structure, fluid resistance loss, help control the dew point corrosion, etc., can effectively solve the economizer heat dew point underutilized and fireside corrosion issues.

Key Words: sintering; waste heat boiler;evaporator;economicer

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract III

第一章 前言 1

第二章 烧结余热锅炉背景与现状 2

2.1烧结余热锅炉的背景 2

2.2余热锅炉工作原理和分类 2

2.3国内烧结余热回收锅炉应用前景 3

2.4烧结余热锅炉研究现状 4

第三章 烧结余热锅炉的特点及存在的问题 5

3.1 主流烧结余热锅炉的特点 5

3.2余热锅炉存在的问题对策 5

3.3余热锅炉优化方法 6

3.1 ABBDCS的应用 6

3.2 PLC在烧结余热锅炉汽包液位PID控制系统的应用 6

3.3 其他优化方式 6

3.4具体案例 6

第四章 本课题研究的内容以及拟作的工作 7

4.1本课题研究的内容 7

4.2本课题拟作的工作 7

第五章 设计计算说明书 8

5.1原始数据参数 8

5.2总传热量及各部分温度计算 8

5.3过热器的计算 9

5.3.1 过热器基本选型 9

5.3.2 过热器管外计算 11

5.3.3过热器管内换热系数计算 11

5.3.4过热器总的换热系数和管排数 12

5.4蒸发器的计算 13

5.4.1蒸发器管外换热系数计算 13

5.4.2蒸发器管内换热系数计算 14

5.4.3蒸发器总的换热系数和管排数 14

5.5省煤器的计算 15

5.5.1热管元件的基本选择 15

5.5.2省煤器烟气侧换热系数计算 15

5.5.3省煤器水侧换热系数计算 16

5.5.4省煤器总换热系数和管排数计算 17

第六章 压力降计算 19

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