论文总字数：17365字

摘 要

现代社会为了扩大诉讼制度解决纠纷的功能，生效判决的既判力不仅仅对当事人产生影响，有时会扩张到第三人。那些未参加到诉讼中的第三人却受裁判的拘束显然是不合理的，为保护第三人权益就必须要建立相应的保障制度。2012年我国修改民事诉讼法，于第56条第3款设立了第三人撤销之诉制度。第三人的合法权益与生效裁判有法律上的利害关系，但是由于不可归责于自身的原因未参加到原诉讼中，该第三人可以提起第三人撤销之诉维护自己的权益。案外第三人撤销之诉与第三人参加之诉、执行异议之诉等制度虽然都是为了保护和救济第三人的合法权益，但是与第三人撤销之诉在很多方面都存在很大的区别。世界上只有少数国家和地区规定了该制度，笔者介绍了法国、我国台湾地区的相关规定并作了比较考察，从比较中得出借鉴的经验，完善我国的第三人撤销之诉。

关键词:第三人撤销之诉 案外第三人 程序建构

Study on the system of the withdraw of the third person

Abstract

In modern society, in order to expand the litigation to resolve disputes, res judgment not only have influence on the parties, but also will expand to third people. Those who did not participate in the action of the third but the binding is obviously unreasonable, for the protection of rights of the third party must establish corresponding security system. In 2012 China's revision of the civil procedure law, the fifty-sixth section third set up the withdraw of the third person. Legal interest relationship between third people and the legitimate rights and interests and judgment, but for reasons not attributable to itself did not attend to the original procedure, the third person may bring the withdraw of the third person to safeguard their rights and interests. V. and third case outside the withdraw of the third person to participate in the litigation, the litigation of executive objection system are to protect and relief third person's legitimate rights and interests, but the cancellation and the third complaints are very different in many aspects. Only a few countries in the world and regional regulation of this system, the author introduces the related provisions of France, Taiwan of China and made a comparative study, draw lessons from the comparison, perfection of the withdraw of the third person.

Key word:The withdraw of the third person The third person The program construction

目录

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ

英文摘要………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

目录…………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ

引言…………………………………………………………………………………… 1

1. 第三人撤销之诉概述…………………………………………………………… 2
2. 设置第三人撤销之诉的立法背景和立法目的……………………………… 2

（二）第三人撤销之诉的含义…………………………………………… 3

（三）第三人撤销之诉的特征……………………………………………… 4

（四）第三人撤销之诉与相关制度的比较………………………………… 4

1.第三人参加之诉……………………………………………………… 4

2.执行异议之诉………………………………………………………… 5

3.再审之诉……………………………………………………………… 6

二、目前该制度的运行过程中存在的缺陷………………………………… 7

(一)立法体例选择不当……………………………………………………… 7

(二)适格原告规定不当……………………………………………………… 7

（三）审理程序不明确……………………………………………………… 8

三、 第三人撤销之诉的比较法考察………………………………………… 9

（一）法国的第三人撤销之诉……………………………………………… 9

1.适格的当事人 ………………………………………………………… 9

2.客体…………………………………………………………………… 9

3.管辖法院……………………………………………………………… 9

4.期间…………………………………………………………………… 9

5.裁判…………………………………………………………………… 10

（二）台湾的第三人撤销之诉……………………………………………… 10

1.适格的当事人………………………………………………………… 10

2.管辖法院……………………………………………………………… 10

3.期间…………………………………………………………………… 10

4.法律效力……………………………………………………………… 10

1. 比较与评析…………………………………………………………… 11

1.立法体例不同………………………………………………………… 11

2.起诉之前提条件不同………………………………………………… 11

3.客体不同……………………………………………………………… 12

4.异议提起期间不同…………………………………………………… 12

四、对完善我国第三人撤销之诉的建议…………………………………… 13

（一）完善立法体系………………………………………………………… 13

（二）重新界定原告资格…………………………………………………… 13

（三）案件审理问题………………………………………………………… 14

（四）是否中止执行原裁判的问题………………………………………… 14

（五）建立诉讼告知制度…………………………………………………… 15

结语…………………………………………………………………………… 16

参考文献……………………………………………………………………… 17

致谢…………………………………………………………………………… 18

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