论文总字数：15426字

摘 要

堆高车具有装卸和搬运功能，机动灵活，可以应用于不同的装卸及搬运需求，普遍适用于港口、车站、货场、工厂车间、搬运仓库等不同场所，还可以进入船舱和集装箱内进行装卸作业，除此之外，堆高车还广泛应用于军事部门和特殊防爆部门等特殊部门，有的车辆还可无人驾驶，进入到人员不便靠近的场所。适用于柔性加工系统。总之，随着物流技术的不断发展和工业化水平的不断提高，堆高车的使用范围将不断扩大，成为一种产量与品种很多的装卸搬运机械。

本次设计主要分析了双门架手动液压堆高车功能的特点及解决方案、总体布局以及主要性能参数的确定、各机构及各部分的结构方案设计、主要控制方案设计、门架以及提升机构的设计计算。使用 SolidWorks Simulation 软件对内门架横梁以及货叉受力进行校核。从而对结构进行了优化设计，最终完成双门架手动液压堆高车的装配图和零件图的绘制以及整机稳定性、可靠性验算。需要满足安全、可靠和高度自动化的要求，并且保证运载及装卸货物的安全性，操作维护方便、可靠。

关键词：堆高车；门架；提升机构

Abstract

Forklifts have loading and unloading and handling functions, are flexible and can adapt to changing loading and unloading and handling requirements. They are generally applicable to ports, stations, freight yards, workshops, warehouses, oil fields and airports, and can also enter cabins and containers for loading and unloading operations. In addition, it is widely used in military departments and special explosion-proof departments. Some vehicles are driver less and can be used for flexible processing systems where people are constantly approaching. In short, with the continuous development of logistics technology and the improvement of industrialization levels, The range of use of high-rise vehicles will be expanded to become a variety of loading and unloading machinery.

The major trend of modern technology development of the fork truck is to be fully in consideration of the friendly operation, the reliability, the safety, the good maintenance, the specialization, the series, and the diversification, and to adopt new technology, to improve steering system, and to focus on energy saving and environment protection in order to promote the truck’s capacity and quality.

Based on the analysis of current status of international and domestic forklift truck form design the key elements and design principles in forklift truck form design was researched using industrial design theory and methodology：It Was put forward that the form of forklift truck should be simple and lively till smooth lines in order to convey the sense of strength and steadiness；the color strives simplicity to make people feel pleasant and light—mainly using tones of yellow and orange；there shoulder big ass at the front and back of trucks；the instruments should be easy to read．The research results provided practical reference for forklift truck design．

Keywords：fork truck; mast；lifting mechanism

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1手动液压堆高车的选题背景与意义 1

1.2手动液压堆高车的现状与发展 1

1.3手动液压堆高车的分类 1

1.4课题任务 2

1.4.1任务要求 2

1.4.2方案设计 3

第二章 双门架手动液压堆高车的结构原理及参数确立 4

2.1双门架手动液压堆高车的结构组成 4

2.2双门架手动液压堆高车的工作原理 6

2.2.1双门架手动液压堆高车的工作原理 6

2.2.2双门架手动液压堆高车的液压原理 6

2.3双门架手动液压堆高车尺寸参数的确立 7

2.3.1 门架的主要尺寸 7

2.4货叉的主要尺寸 7

2.5叉架的主要尺寸 8

2.6液压缸的设计与选择 8

2.6.1液压缸材料的确定 8

2.6.2大液压缸内腔直径的计算与确定 8

2.6.3液压缸外直径的计算与确定 8

2.6.4油箱的设计 9

2.6.5油路的设计 9

2.6.6溢流阀力的计算 9

9

2.7链传动的设计 10

2.7.1链轮齿数Z的确定 10

2.7.2链型号的确定 10

2.7.3链节数的确定 10

2.7.4链轮设计 10

2.8本章小结 11

第三章 各部件参数和结构设计 12

3.1双门架手动液压堆高车的机械结构设计 12

3.2门架机构的结构设计 12

3.3提升机构的结构设计 16

3.4总体效果图 18

3.5本章小结 19

第四章 双门架手动液压堆高车的结构分析与优化 20

4.1 有限元方法简介 20

4.1.1有限元分析基本概念 20

4.1.2simulation分析基本流程 20

4.2 关键部件的分析 20

4.2.1 确定内门架为关键部件 20

4.2.2确定货叉为关键部件 20

4.3确定内门架横梁的材料 20

4.4约束门架上横梁加约束并加载载荷 21

4.5 内门架上横梁应力分析结果 22

4.6约束货叉挂钩加约束并加载荷 22

4.7 货叉挂钩应力分析结果 23

4.8货叉弯折处家约束并加载荷 24

4.9货叉挂钩应力分析结果 25

4.10本章小结 26

第五章 总结展望 27

5.1 总结 27

5.2展望 27

致谢 28

参考文献 29

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