固定资产加速折旧政策对企业所得税的影响—以上汽集团为例
2022-11-30 16:34:15
论文总字数:18351字
摘 要
我国经济进入新常态,为了鼓励企业转化新老动能,使产业结构多元化,提升经济发展的质量,国家陆续出台调控的政策。投资是推动经济增长的三大动力之一,从2008年以来一直在缓慢增长,尤其是设备、工器具固定资产投资增长率持续下降,很大程度的阻碍了经济的发展。对制造业来说,固定资产在企业运营发展过程中有着十分重要的作用,设备的陈旧性、流动经费欠缺、科学技术更新能力较弱是当下发展过程中存在的问题。因此,怎么给传统行业带来新的生机和活力,如何提高自身的产业能力以及创新能力是近期我国提高经济水平所面对的问题。
在这种大方向下,在2014年,我国的固定资产加速折旧政策正在被国家逐步完善,分别颁布了财税[2014]75 号、财税[2015]106号及财税[2018]54号标志性文件,在政治策略风向上,对中小微企业尤其是重要领域和大型行业的产业公司,激励其增加科研投资。为了缓解企业的目前较大的税负,延缓企业的纳税时间,从而关于企业现金流的压力才能得以缓解,尽快完善加速折旧政策,这样既能促进企业投资、支持创新,也能保证企业持续经营下去,必将会对企业的所得税、现金流量等方面有重大影响。
本文的看法是购入的固定资产采取一次性扣除、缩短折旧年限、加速折旧三种方法是当下加速固定资产折旧的有利的可行方式。目前看来,此种方式有利于完成指定的目标,提高企业资金的流动性,并减少相应的税收负担。本文以上汽集团公司为案例,从现金流量和所得税两方面,分析固定资产加速折旧政策对企业所得税的影响,从而对固定资产加速折旧方法选择和运用提出建议。
关键词:固定资产;加速折旧;企业所得税;税收筹划
The Impact of Fixed Assets Accelerated Depreciation Policy on Enterprise Income Tax—Shanghai Automobile Group as an Example
Abstract
China's economy has entered a new normal. In order to encourage enterprises to transform old and new momentum, diversify industrial structure, and improve the quality of economic development, the state has introduced regulatory policies. Investment is one of the three driving forces to promote economic growth. Since 2008, it has been growing slowly, especially the growth rate of fixed assets investment in equipment and tools has been declining, which has greatly hindered economic development. For manufacturing industry, fixed assets play an important role in the process of enterprise operation and development. Obsolescence of equipment, lack of liquidity funds and weak ability of science and technology renewal are the problems in the current development process. Therefore, how to bring new vitality and vitality to traditional industries, how to improve their own industrial capacity and innovation ability are the problems faced by China to improve its economic level in the near future.
In this general direction, in 2014, China's accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets is being gradually improved by the state. Fiscal and Tax [2014] 75, Fiscal and Tax [2015] 106 and Fiscal and Tax [2018] 54 are promulgated respectively. In the direction of political strategy, small and medium-sized enterprises, especially industrial companies in important fields and large industries, are encouraged to increase their investment in scientific research. In order to alleviate the current large tax burden of enterprises and delay the tax payment time of enterprises, the pressure on cash flow of enterprises can be alleviated, and the policy of accelerating depreciation can be improved as soon as possible. This can not only promote the investment of enterprises, support innovation, but also ensure the sustainable operation of enterprises. It will certainly have a significant impact on the income tax and cash flow of enterprises.
The view of this paper is that the three methods of one-time deduction, shortening the depreciation period and accelerating depreciation of purchased fixed assets are favorable and feasible ways to accelerate the depreciation of fixed assets at present. At present, this way is conducive to achieving the designated objectives, improving the liquidity of enterprise funds, and reducing the corresponding tax burden. Taking SAIC Group as an example, this paper analyses the impact of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets on enterprise income tax from two aspects of cash flow and income tax, and puts forward suggestions on the selection and application of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets.
Keywords: Fixed assets; Accelerated depreciation; Corporate income tax; Tax planning
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
1.3 研究方法与思路 2
第二章 文献综述 3
2.1 固定资产加速折旧政策的必要性 3
2.2 固定资产加速折旧政策对现金流的影响 3
2.3 固定资产加速折旧政策对企业税负的影响 3
2.4 文献评述 4
第三章 固定资产加速折旧政策的制度背景及实施现状 5
3.1 固定资产加速折旧政策的制度背景 5
3.2 加速折旧政策实施现状及问题 5
第四章 固定资产加速折旧政策对企业所得税影响分析 7
4.1固定资产加速折旧主要内容 7
4.2加速折旧法与直线法比较 8
4.2.1 一次摊销法 8
4.2.2 缩短折旧年限法或加速折旧法 8
4.3 不同折旧方法节税效果比较 11
第五章 固定资产加速折旧政策应用分析 12
5.1 上汽集团及其固定资产折旧方法简述 12
5.1.1 公司简介 12
5.1.2 上汽集团固定资产折旧方法简述 12
5.2 企业在固定资产折旧中存在的问题及原因分析 12
5.3 上汽集团固定资产折旧方法的选择 12
5.4 企业所得税税收筹划建议 13
结 论 14
致 谢 15
参考文献 16
第一章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景
对企业而言,固定资产是在其日常生产经营过程当中必不可缺的部分,但是随着固定资产使用的年限逐渐增加将会产生一些损耗,如何计算这些损耗,直线法和加速折旧法是两种常见的运用在实际操作中的方法。长时间以来,直线法是大多数企业使用的折旧方法,同时更新改变的速度缓慢,其原因在于,固定资产的最低折旧年限和加速折旧的方法限制。
因为税收有一定的杠杆作用,所以世界上很多国家用此调控宏观经济和把握微观主体的行为方向。相对于政府的货币及投资等政策方式,调节税收所呈现的波动更小。很多国家在实际操作中,政府常常为了激励企业增加研发和投资的成本,而降低或免除税收以及颁布关于加速折旧的政策。面对宏观经济增速放缓的新常态,政府通过不断出台税收优惠政策,不断扩大产业覆盖面,加强政策可操作性,减轻了企业的税收负担,切实加大了对产业的支持力度,促进了高增长。加强企业技术设备的整合,最终改善了行业布局的完整性。
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