论文总字数：9212字

摘 要

幼儿往往在交往过程中与同伴发生冲突，这是幼儿早期发展中遇到的正常现象。但在现实中，许多教师和家长认识不到这一点，没有把握同伴冲突的教育契机，不能使幼儿的社会性在冲突中得以发展。本文就幼儿同伴冲突这一现象，从幼儿自身和外部分析了产生冲突的原因，阐述了其对幼儿社会认知，技能和情感方面的影响，并着重对幼儿教师，家长提出建议，促进其在解决冲突的过程中获得积极的发展。

关键词:幼儿，同伴冲突，教育策略

Abstract: It is a normal phenomenon encountered in early childhood development that children tend to have conflict with their buddies in the process of daily interaction. But in reality life, many teachers and parents do not realize this, and they do not perceive the buddy conflict as the education opportunity, which cannot do a great favor in the development of children’s social behaviour in the conflict. In terms of the phenomenon of children’s conflict, this paper elaborates its effects on the cognitions of children’s social behaviors, skills and emotions, in the ways of analyzing the causes of conflict inside and external the children themselves, and this paper focuses on providing useful suggestions for preschool teachers and parents, which can help them achieve positive development in the process of conflict resolving.

Key words:children,conflict,education strategy

目录

1 引言··························································4

2 同伴冲突的内涵················································4

2.1 概念界定····················································4

2.2 产生原因····················································4

3 同伴冲突对幼儿社会性发展的影响································5

3.1 同伴冲突对幼儿社会认知的影响································5

3.2 同伴冲突对幼儿社会技能的影响································6

3.3 同伴冲突对幼儿社会情绪、情感的影响··························6

4 处理同伴冲突的建议············································7

4.1 对教师的建议················································7

4.1.1 教师树立正确的解决同伴冲突的观念··························7

4.1.2 教师为幼儿创造提高交往能力的条件··························7

4.1.3 教师培养幼儿的社会技能，提高解决问题的能力················8

4.1.4 教师和家长合作，在冲突问题认识上保持一致··················8

4.2 对家长的建议················································9

4.2.1 家长要正确认识同伴冲突对幼儿发展的影响····················9

4.2.2 家长改进教养方式，多与幼儿沟通交流························9

4.2.3 家长为幼儿创造交往的机会，使其能独立面对冲突··············9

4.2.4 家长指导幼儿掌握同伴冲突解决的策略·······················10

结论 ··························································11

参考文献 ······················································12

1 引言

在幼儿园中幼儿同伴之间的互动必不可少，他们在交往互动的过程中也常常会发生各种各样的冲突。他们有的是因为玩具的分配得不均，有的则是故意挑起争端，在各种情境中都有可能发生冲突。冲突的表现形式有很多，有语言上的争执，也有行为上的碰撞。这些冲突造成的结果可能是积极的融洽解决亦或是消极的互相伤害。

2 同伴冲突的内涵

2.1 概念界定

幼儿社会性发展的一个重要的部分是同伴之间的互动，而其中一种常见的形式就是同伴冲突，这是幼儿获得交往经验的重要来源。在幼儿早期发展的过程中，幼儿从家庭走向幼儿园，互动对象从父母转变为同伴，同伴不会像父母一样及时地满足他们所有的愿望，冲突也随之产生了。幼儿同伴冲突是指幼儿与同龄或心理发展水平相当的同伴之间在交往过程中出现的彼此排斥侵犯的现象。^[1]过去人们认为，冲突应该尽量避免，因为它会影响人们之间的融洽友好的关系，对生理心理都可能造成伤害，是不该发生的。随着近现代人们的研究，冲突不再被认为是单纯有害的，冲突对幼儿社会性发展的影响更值得我们关注。教师和家长应该对幼儿面对冲突所采用的冲突解决策略进行指导，使其习得与同伴交往的经验，从而促进其社会认知，技能及情绪、情感各方面的发展。

2.2 产生原因

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