论文总字数：32376字

摘 要

翻译作为一种交流活动，不仅仅是语言的转换，更是文化的移植。在文化传播和变迁的过程中，翻译具有十分重要的作用。随着中西方的交流日益频繁，翻译的重要作用日趋明显。中国的旅游景点已经成为外国人更好地了解中国文化的一个重要途径。因而，旅游景点的翻译对于传播中华文化尤为重要。本文通过对淮安运河博物馆景点翻译中的文化再现进行分析和研究，可以对淮安市旅游业的发展，对当地文化的传播起到推动和促进作用。

关键词：旅游景点；翻译；文化再现；淮安运河博物馆

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

3. Introduction of Huai’an Canal Museum 2

4. Cultural Reproduction in the Translation 3

4.1 Canal Culture 3

4.1.1 Social Culture 3

4.1.2 Religious Culture 4

4.1.3 Language Peculiarity 5

4.2 Opera in Huai’an 6

4.2.1 Repetitious Gong and Drum of Huai’an 6

4.2.2 Play of “ Xiaohe Pursuing Han Xin Under the Moon” 8

4.3 Literary Works 8

4.3.1 Works by Liu E 9

4.3.2 Works by Zhang Chunru 9

4.3.3 Works by Wu Cheng’en 10

4.4 Historical Allusion 11

4.4.1 Allusion about Han Xin 11

4.4.2 Cultural Reproduction 12

4.5 Famous People 13

4.5.1 Introduction of Rinsing Mother 13

4.5.2 Introduction of Wu Jutong 14

5. Conclusion 15

Works Cited 16

1. Introduction

Edward Taylor, an English anthropologist, defines the word “culture” in his book Original Culture as “that whole complex which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities or habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Keesing, 1958:18). Simply speaking, culture is the entire life style of a certain social group. On the basis of the definition of culture made by Taylor, modern anthropologist put forward more new definitions. But there is no doubt that among all these different definitions, culture has the following four fundamental features. Firstly, it is acquired in society rather than by inheritance. Secondly, it is possessed by all the social members rather than by any certain person. Thirdly, culture has a symbolic feature and its most important feature is language. Fourthly, culture is a united system and its each aspect has some relevance to any other one. The influence of different cultures begins with conflicts, which cause the shock in people"s thought. Then, the trend of acceptance or refutation appears. As a result, the culture will be absorbed, accepted and assimilated that can meet the needs of the times and cultural development and that can compensate for the defaults of another culture, thus creating new cultural signals and concepts. This kind of conception is often aroused by translation. In his book Toward a Science of Translation, Eugene A.Nida says translation is a human activity with certain purposes. And translators should choose the translation method from the perspective of the readers of the translation(2004:159).Thus in the translation with the purpose of cultural propagation, translators must take into full consideration the differences between languages and between cultures. The English translation of the Huai’an Canal Museum is not only of great help for foreigners to understand its historical backgrounds but is also conductive to the propagation of the local culture.

2. Literature Review

In 1990, the anthology of essays titled “Translation, History and Culture” edited by Bassnett and Lefevere was published. This anthology is a real break-through for translation. In the anthology, Bassnett and Lefevere state that translation studies have taken the “cultural turn”, which arouses many scholars" interest in the translation field. From then on, great achievement has been made in cultural studies and cultural translation theory is gradually established and improved by foreign scholars.

In China, more and more scholars begin to realize the importance of cultural translation. Professor Sun Zhili analyzes their viewpoints on cultural translation in his article “Culture and Translation”. He believes that their theories break a new path for translation studies(Sun Zhili,1999:42). In his article “Translation Studies in the Context of Cultural Studies”, professor Wang Ning says “the theory newly makes explanation to the traditional concept of study from the perspective of cultural studies”(Wang Ning, 1998:27).

3. Introduction of Huai’an Canal Museum

Huai’an Canal Museum is mainly situated on the Zhongzhou Island of inner canal, where is the historical and cultural site of Dazhakou, Qingjiangpu. As an integrated museum, the canal museum has a strong canal culture, strong local culture flavor and rich features of ecological garden, with a total area of 30,000 square meters, construction area of 8,000 square meters. The museum is composed of Huai’an Opera Museum, Huai’an Celebrities Hall , Huai’an Canal Couplet Museum, the Grand Canal Celebrities Museum, the Revered Chen(Xuan) and Pan(Ji Xun) Temple, and the former residence of Zhou Xinfang. Through drawing board, painting and calligraphy, waxen image, spectra vision, scene representation, physical display, multi-dimensional holographic digital interactive games, sound and light technology, and other composite exhibition modes, it presents the influence on the “Canal City” of Huai’an exerted by the history of the canal, local celebrities, canal transport of foodstuff, waterway management, and foodstuff storage along the canal. (English Translations in Huai’an Canal Museum）

4. Cultural Reproduction in the Translation

In his book The Theory and Practice of Translation, Eugene A.Nida points out “translating means translating meaning”(Nida, 2005:24). The purpose of translating is to express the meaning of source language through the use of target language so as to the readers who are ignorant of source language can get its information. Translation acts as a bridge for the human being to communicate thoughts among different languages. Translation helps people speaking different languages conduct communication and those ignorant of source language understand the information it intends to express. The information includes data, documents and literary works. Culture is a extremely broad concept. The translation of the canal culture, opera in Huai’an, literary works, historical allusions and famous people in the Huai’an Canal Museum enables foreign tourists to gain a comprehensive understanding of Huai’an’s culture, demonstrating the glamour of Huai’an.

4.1 Canal Culture

As one of the famous historical and cultural cities, Huai’an locates at the confluence of the grand canal and the ancient Huai river, and it geographically situates at the climate boundary between the north China and the south China-Qingling and Huai river line. Thrived by means of the grand canal, Huai’an has rich culture about the canal history.

According to Eugene A.Nida, culture can be divided into five categories, which are ecological culture, material culture, social culture, religious culture and language culture. Since Huai’an is a cultural city full of canal history, it is important to introduce canal culture to foreign tourists.

4.1.1 Social Culture

Among the five categorizes of culture, social culture is the most abundant and complicated one and it conveys almost every aspect of a society such as morals, history and so on. In the introduction to Huai’an Celebrities Hall in the museum, there are two official positions connected with the Grand Canal. One is “漕运总督”，and the other is “河运总督”. As to these two special positions, the translator translates them into “governor of canal transport” and “governor of riverway” respectively. In the two cases, the translator adopts the translation method of literal translation with the purpose of telling foreign tourists the two official posts ever set in Huai’an and the important role of Huai’an in the history of the Grand Canal.

Another example is the translation of “士大夫”and “乡试”. These two terms contain rich Chinese culture. And both of them are closely related to the imperial examination system in ancient China. They are translated into “ scholar-officials” and “provincial examination”. Clearly, the translator adopts liberal translation method to introduce these two terms to foreign tourists. The translation not only enables foreign tourists to get the cultural connotation of the two terms peculiar to China but also casts light on their actual meaning.

4.1.2 Religious Culture

As the special cultural phenomenon in social development, religion is an indispensable part of traditional culture. It has a great influence on people’s thought and life style and etc. Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, which reflect Chinese people’s ideology and moral ethics, are some of the main religious beliefs with Chinese flavor.

In the translation of introduction to the Revered Chen and Pan Temple, the translator introduces some historical sites with rich Chinese religious culture. One example is “观音庵”. It is translated into “Kwan-yin Temple”. In order to pass the original cultural flavor to the target language readers, the translator adopts the method of transliteration with literal translation to introduce this site, which preserves cultural connotation to a great extent. Another example is the translation of “文庙”. As is recorded, Tangxuanzong conferred Confucius to be Wenxuanwang in 739. Confucian Temple thus was called Temple of Wenxuanwang afterwards. And after the Ming Dynasty, it was called “文庙”in comparison with “武庙”. As for “文庙”，there are many versions of translation. One is Wen Temple, as the translator adopts in the translation. Another is Confucian Temple. In my opinion, it is better to choose the translation of “Confucian Temple” because it can clearly convey the religious connotation of the site.

4.1.3 Language Peculiarity

Language peculiarity refers to the specialty related to the language in a specific society, including phonetics and the form of languages. The manifestation of culture is obvious in the translation of the canal museum. One example is the introduction of Qingjiangpu. “清江浦楼新建于2003年，高达23余米，为明三暗五楼阁式仿古建筑，飞檐翘角，巍峨壮观。” The four characters is often used in the Chinese texts, especially in those of tourist spots, which has become a Chinese language peculiarity. The translation is “the new Qingjiangpu building was constructed in 2003, with a height of 23 meters. Majestic and impressive, it has three obvious and five hidden pavilion-style pseudo-classic buildings, with flying and warped cornices”. Although the sentence structure is adjusted in the translation version, “飞檐”and “翘角”, and “巍峨”and“壮观”are still juxtaposed in the English version just as in the Chinese version. Thus, it can be said that the English version reproduces the language peculiarity of the Chinese sentence. Another example is found in the translation of the sentence“纤纤乎似初月之出无涯，落落乎犹众星之列河汉”. Chinese people are fond of antithesis and they love to use it in their texts. This has also become a characteristic of Chinese language. The translator translates this sentence into “the moving brush is like the crescent above the stiff, gentle and slight ; the strokes are like the stars in the milky way, shiny”. The translation is almost equivalent to the Chinese sentence. The translation of the above two sentences are perfect, for they not only reproduce the Chinese language culture, but are also easy for the target language readers to understand.

4.2 Opera in Huai’an

As is known to all, opera is a part of culture. Huai’an is not only the hometown of many famous artist in the field of opera but is also the birthplace of many branches of opera such as Wu Kun. If Huai’an’s local culture is to be demonstrated, the introduction of opera is indispensable. Thus, it is extremely necessary to show Huai’an’s opera culture to foreign tourists.

4.2.1 Repetitious Gong and Drum of Huai’an

Repetitious gong and drum is an indigenous opera of Huai’an and it has become a folk music in Huai’an. In order to demonstrate Huai’an’s local culture, it is important to introduce this special opera.

原文：

淮安的“十番锣鼓”，是由清山阳河下的民间艺人孙毓卿编创。孙毓卿自幼酷爱音乐，“善于吹弹敲打”，深得当时淮关关长的赏识而长期收养他，并命榷关昆曲班子里的艺人教授他昆曲。后来，孙毓卿即将学到的昆曲音乐与民间锣鼓结合起来，编创了俗中蕴雅的锣鼓昆曲，——俗称武昆。因其清新独特，故盛极一时。先献奏于官衙厅堂，后流入各种庙会，继而广传民间。到清末，山阳县境内就有学习这种昆曲的堂子十多处，参与演奏者达数百人之多。就连河下的翰林王鸿翔等士大夫们，都曾参与学习和演奏过。它已成为淮安民众世代相传的民间音乐。2008年，“十番锣鼓”已被批准为国家级非物质文化遗产。(Chinese Introductions in Huai’an Canal Museum）

译文：

The repetitious gong and drum of Huai’an was originally composed by Sun Yuqing, a folk artisan who lived in Hexia of Shanyang county in the Qing dynasty. He was fond of music since his childhood, and was very good at blowing, playing, sticking and beating, so he was appreciated by the director of Huai’an Guan and was adopted by the director for a long time. Later, the director asked the artisans from the Kunqu opera team of Que Guan to teach him Kunqu opera. Then, Sun Yuqing integrated the Kunqu opera he learned with the folk gong and drum, and created Kunqu opera with gong and drum, with elegance implied in popularity, which was commonly known as Wu Kun. It was novel and unique, so it was in fashion for a period. First, it was played for the governments, and then at various temple fairs. It was at last widely spread in folk. By the end of Qing Dynasty, there had been over ten places in Shanyang county to learn this kind of Kunqu opera, with the learners up to more than one hundred. Even the scholar-officials, such as the academician Wang Hongxiang from Hexia, ever took part in learning and playing it. It has become a kind of folk music handed down generation by generation in Huai’an. In 2008, the repetitious gong and drum was approved as a state-level non-material cultural heritage. (English Translations in Huai’an Canal Museum）

The translation firstly tells the creation of repetitious gong and drum of Huai’an. Then it shows the people concerned with this opera such as Sun Yuqing and Wang Hongxiang. Then it represents how the opera is created. Finally it demonstrates the popularity of the opera. From the translation, we are clearly aware of culture about repetitious gong and drum. Adopting the translation method of transliteration, the translator translates “武昆” into “Wu Kun”. Through the use of this translation strategy, the Chinese cultural feature is retained, which is helpful for the propagation of Chinese culture. In the translation, the translator translates “翰林” into “academician”. On the one hand, “academician” shows accurately what the word “翰林” means in Chinese culture. On the other hand, the word “academician” makes it easy for foreign tourists to understand the identity of Wang Hongxiang. From the translation of the word “翰林”, it is obvious that liberal translation has to be adopted in order to let foreigners understand cultural elements with strong Chinese characteristics. In a word, whether transliteration or liberal translation or any other translation method, the purpose is to reproduce the local culture accurately.

4.2.2 Play of “ Xiaohe Pursuing Han Xin Under the Moon”

Zhou Xinfang is a celebrity in the the field of traditional Chinese opera. He is a native of Huai’an. Thus the Qi school he founds and the characters he plays have become an indispensable part of Huai’an’s local culture.

原文：

“萧何月下追韩信”，这是中国传统京剧里最为经典的一出戏。麒派创始人—周信芳成功的塑造了《萧何月下追韩信》里面萧何形象。(Chinese Introductions in Huai’an Canal Museum）

译文：

The play of Xiao He Pursuing Han Xin Under the Moon is the most classic in traditional Chinese Peking opera. In this play, Zhou Xinfang, the founder of Qi school, successfully drew the image of Xiao He.（English Translations in Huai’an Canal Museum）

This translation introduces Zhou Xinfang, a famous artist in Huai’an. From the translation, foreign tourists will know that Zhou Xinfang is the founder of Qi school in the field of opera. What’s more, they can also get the information that Zhou once successfully played the role of Han Xin in the play. After reading the translation, they will know more about opera culture in Huai’an, where Qi school appears.

4.3 Literary Works

Huai’an is the hometown of many famous writers and artists in the Chinese history such as Liu E, Zhang Chunru and Wu Cheng’en. In order to demonstrate the local culture in Huai’an, it is necessary to introduce literary works to foreign tourists. As for the translation of these works, it is of great importance to reproduce the culture in the works. As is usually said, title is the eye of a book. Thus the translation of the titles of these literary works should be concise and attractive so as to arouse foreigners’ interest.

4.3.1 Works by Liu E

Liu E is a famous writer in Huai’an and the books he writes occupy an important place in the Chinese literary history. It is important to introduce his fantastic books to foreign tourists. And what the translator should consider first is the translation of the titles of these works. As is known to all, Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan family while English belongs to Indo-European family. Thus, in C-E translation, sometimes it is hard for a translator to find an appropriate word in the target language that is absolutely equivalent to that in the source language. In such circumstance, the method of transliteration is usually adopted. The following is the translation of the titles of the two books by Liu E in the museum.

《老残游记》 Lao Can You Ji

《铁云藏龟》 Tie Yun Cang Gui

In the translation of 《铁云藏龟》, the translator adopts transliteration method , translating it into Tie Yun Cang Gui. Under this condition, transliteration seems to be the only faithful and feasible method. In this case, even many Chinese people know not what “铁云” is, let alone translate it into English. Therefore, literal translation and liberal translation are not viable in this case. Transliteration in this case at least makes the target language faithful to the source language in pronunciation. And sometimes it is necessary to introduce Chinese pronunciation to English for it can help the foreigners who are interested in Chinese culture learn more about Chinese.

4.3.2 Works by Zhang Chunru

Although transliteration is a feasible method to translate some cultural elements, just as the cases mentioned above, it should not be overused. And as to the translation of the works by Zhang Chunru, it is inappropriate. Foreigners can get nothing from the Chinese pronunciation but only a series of meaningless letters. Literal translation is more commonly used in the translation of titles. However, literal translation does not mean the awkward translation of the literal meaning of words. Instead, it means finding proper words in the target language that equal those in the source language and organizing them into grammatically right phrases or sentences. The following is the translation of the titles of the books by Zhang Chunru in the museum.

《南京暴行-被遗忘的大屠杀》 Atrocity in Nanjing:A Forgotten Massacre

《华人在美国》 Chinese in the US

The title translation of《南京暴行-被遗忘的大屠杀》 can not only enable foreign tourists to get what the book is about but also the connotation of the book to a maximum degree.

4.3.3 Works by Wu Cheng’en

Wu Cheng’en, native of Huai’an, is the author of 《西游记》, one of the greatest classic works in China. Introducing this book to foreign tourists is of great importance to demonstrate literary works in Huai’an.

As to the title translation of 《西游记》, there are many versions such as Travels to the West, Journey to the West, Pilgrimage to the West, Monkey, Adventure of Monkey and etc. “Travel” and “journey” convey the literal meaning of the Chinese character “游” and they belong to literal translation. Though these two versions are in unity with the Chinese title of the book, they can not convey the aesthetic technique and profound connotation of the title. The readers of the translation version can not perceive the hardship that Tang Sangzang and his disciples suffered on the road to the west. They may even consider it to be a pleasant journey. The versions of Monkey and Adventure of monkey are also inappropriate. While Sun Wukong is a main character in the novel, he is not the only one. Besides, the influence of Buddhism can be felt everywhere in the novel. The versions of Monkey and Adventure of Monkey overlook the religious connotation the novel contains. So, they are not proper either. It seems that Pilgrimage to the West is a perfect version. And the translator adopts this version in the translation. Obviously, Pilgrimage to the West is the best among the five versions. It conveys not only the core contents of the novel, the hardship the four characters suffered on the road but also the religious connotation of the novel. The word “pilgrimage” can remind foreign tourists of the famous book the Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan. They can perceive the hardship Tang Sangzang and his disciples suffered on the road just as the pilgrims in Bunyan’s book and their religious piety. However, there is still a problem in the translation. Chinese religions are different from those of the western countries. The religion in 《西游记》 is Buddhism rather than Christianity. The word “pilgrimage” might mislead foreign tourists to believe that the characters in the novel also believe in Christianity. In order to show the true religion in the novel and the Chinese religious culture, it is better, I think, to translate the title into A Buddhist’s Pilgrimage to the West.

4.4 Historical Allusion

Historical allusions reflect the history of a nation’s development and coerce its intelligence and wisdom. They are treasures of a nation’s culture. And they also evince a nation’s special cultural glamour. Through the introduction of historical allusions in the Huai’an Canal Museum, this city’s special culture is shown to foreign tourists. As Han Xin was conferred by Liu Bang to be the Marquis of Huaiyin, many historical allusions in Huai’an are about him. Thus, it is necessary to introduce the allusions about Han Xin to foreign tourists.

4.4.1 Allusion about Han Xin

The story of “publically repairing the plank road while secretly marching along Chen Cang” launched by Han Xin is widespread in China. The allusion shows Han Xin’s great talent in military field. It is important to introduce this historical allusion to foreign tourists.

原文：

明修栈道，暗度陈仓

“明修栈道，暗度陈仓”是韩信被刘邦授予汉军统帅权之后的首战。当时八百里栈道已经被霸王项羽所烧毁，项羽以为汉军无法出川。汉元年，韩信明令一部分士兵修复栈道，暗地里率大军出陈仓小道，突然出现在敌军面前，取得了定三秦的胜利。 汉二年，出关，收魏，河南，韩、殷王皆降，兵锋直指彭城。“明修栈道、暗度陈仓”成了世界军事史上一个著名的战例。(Chinese Introductions in Huai’an Canal Museum）

译文：

Publically Repairing the Plank Road While Secretly Marching Along Chen Cang

The story of “publically repairing the plank road while secretly marching along Chen Cang” tells the first war launched by Han Xin when he was conferred by Liu Bang to be the commander-in-chief of the Han army. At that time, the eight-hundred-mile plank road was destroyed by the Overlord Xiang Yu, who thought the Han army was unable to get out of Sichuan. In the first year of Han territory, Han Xin ordered groups of fighters to repair the plank road, while secretly led soldiers to get out from the trail in Chen Cang. They suddenly appeared before the enemies, and got the victory to control the places of Tree Qins. In the second year, they went out of the pass, occupied the places of Wei and Henan, making the Kings of Han and Yin surrender. And eventually Han Xin’s army was ready to fight for Peng Cheng. This story has become a famous case of war in the military history of the world.（English Translations in Huai’an Canal Museum）

4.4.2 Cultural Reproduction

In the translation of this historical allusion, the translator lays great emphasis on this allusion and cultural elements concerned with it. One element is the allusion itself. The story of “publically repairing the plank road while secretly marching along Chen Cang” is very famous in the Chinese military history. Through the translation, the translator expresses this story clearly to the foreign tourists. The foreign tourists can gain a full understanding of this allusion. Another cultural element is famous historical people in this allusion, such as Han Xin , Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. From the translation, foreign tourists will know that Han Xin is a preeminent strategist. They may want to know more about this famous person. Thus, it is possible that they may go to the Ancestal Hall of Han Xin in Chuzhou for more information about him. This is conductive to the development of Huai’an’s tourism and the propagation of the local culture. Although the translation reproduces many cultural elements in the historical allusions, it is far from perfect. For example, the translator can add more information about Liu Bang. Liu Bang can be introduced as “Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty”. After the addition of “the first emperor of the Han Dynasty”, foreign tourists can gain a better understanding of Liu Bang and know more of Chinese culture. Besides, more information can be added to the place Peng Cheng. The sentence can be translated into “and eventually, Han Xin’s army was ready to fight for Peng Cheng, nowadays Xuzhou in Jiangsu province.” After the addition of a little more information, foreign tourists will be aware of where Peng Cheng is today. In a word, the translation gives a full explanation of the historical allusion such as the people involved, the process and the result of the battle behind the allusion. Cultural elements are well reproduced in the translation of this historical allusion.

4.5 Famous People

The making of culture is a historical process and it can not exist without the development of history. Through the introduction of famous people in Huai’an, foreign tourist can get a better understanding of the local culture of Huai’an.

4.5.1 Introduction of Rinsing Mother

“漂母” is a famous woman in Huai’an. She is a representative of ancient Chinese women.“漂母”，together with Mencius’s mother and Yue Fei’s mother is called “Three Mothers”.

As to “漂母”, there are two different English versions. One is “ Washerwoman”. The other is “Rinsing Mother”. According to the theory of translation from cultural perspective, translation of tourist spots first should be easy for the foreigners to understand. At the same time, it should convey the cultural connotation of tourist spots. Both “Washerwoman” and “Rinsing Mother” meet the first requirement. However, as to cultural connotation, “Rinsing Mother” is more accurate and proper. The story of “漂母施粥” is first recorded in Shiji written by Sima Qian: “Han Xin fished in a river near the city wall when many mothers were rinsing, of whom one found Han Xin was hungry, so she offered food to him. To do so, the mother rinsed for tens of days.(信钓于城下，诸母漂，有一母见信饥，饭信，竟漂数十日) ”. (2008:360) From the book, it is obvious that this old woman is a mother. So, “Rinsing Mother” is more accurate than “Washerwoman”. What’s more, in Chinese culture, mothers are often thought to be kind and benevolent. In the introduction of the story, we know that this old woman saves rice tens of days to give Han Xin but does not expect him to pay back. The image of a great mother can be palpably perceived. Thus, “Rinsing Mother” is a better choice than “Washerwoman”.

4.5.2 Introduction of Wu Jutong

Although it is important to reproduce culture in the translation, it does not mean that translator must translate every cultural element. Sometimes, in order to make the translation easy for readers to understand, the translator has to adopt the translation method of omission, avoiding translating some cultural elements. In the introduction of Wu Jutong, a famous doctor in Huai’an, the translator does not translate every word. An example is the translation of the phrase “悬壶济世著医术”. The translator translates it into “writing medical works to help the people”. Obviously, “悬壶” is not translated in the phrase. The object “壶” refers to gourd in ancient Chinese language for they have the same pronunciation. In Chinese culture, gourd is connected to the religion Daoism. Some Taoists often hang gourds, where medicines are contained. They usually use the medicines in the gourds to cure patients. Therefore, hanging a gourd beside one’s waist has a special cultural connotation in Chinese culture. Although the behavior of hanging a gourd is full of cultural meaning, it is not demonstrated in the translation. Even many Chinese people are not aware of the cultural meaning behind the gourd, let alone foreign tourists who know little of Chinese culture. So, the translator has to adopt the translation method of omission to make the meaning of the phrase easy to understand. If this cultural element is retained, the translator has to add more information to expound the connotation of gourd, which will make the translation seem too redundant.

5. Conclusion

Tourism is a cultural activity. The tourists want to enjoy not only the beautiful scenery but also the local culture. Therefore, the translator should carefully study the cultural background of tourist spots and be aware of cultural differences between China and the western countries. The translator should accurately convey the cultural information of tourist spot to foreign tourists. In the translation of the Huai’an Canal Museum, the translator adopts many translation methods such as transliteration, literal translation and liberal translation to demonstrate Huai’an’s special culture, which is conductive to the propagation of Huai’an’s culture as well as the development of Huai’an’s tourism.

Works Cited

[1] Bassnett, Susan, and Andre Lefevere. Translation, History and Culture. London and New York: Pinter, 1990.

[2] Keesing, Felix. Cultural Anthropology: The Science of Custom. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1958.

[3] Nida, Eugene A. Toward a Science of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004: 159.

[4] Nida, Eugene A.,Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2005: 24.

[5] 高雷等. English Translations in Huai’an Canal Museum.

[6] 司马迁. 《史记》. 北京：军事谊文出版社，2008: 360.

[7] 孙致礼. 《文化与翻译》. 大连外国语学院学报，1999 (11): 41- 42.

[8] 王宁. 《文化研究语境下的翻译研究》. 外语与翻译，1998 (2): 27-28.

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