摘 要

随着我国经济建设发展的突飞猛进，公路与桥梁建设事业进入了迅猛发展的时代。然而随着桥梁使用龄期的增长，桥梁垮塌事故多有发生，造成大量人员伤亡与巨大的财产损失。据不完全统计，在2007年至2011年5年间，全国已经有至少17座大型桥梁发生垮塌事故，造成270人死亡、111人受伤、23人失踪。这些事故提醒了我们桥梁检测与监控工作的重要性，以及对桥梁承载力进行评定的迫切需求。为了避免垮塌事故重复发生，所有新建桥梁都必须严格执行桥梁承载能力检测评定。桥梁出现病害以及损毁后的修复、重建工作需要消耗大量的人力与资金。因此，通过桥梁承载能力检测评定掌握新建桥梁的实际状态，就能有益于进行桥梁病害及可能事故的预防，同时也有益于我国的经济建设与桥梁建设的发展。

首先，为了对桥梁承载力做出合理有效的评定，需要通过一定的检测手段来了解桥梁的技术状况等级及病害发生部位、严重程度、产生原因等情况，并分析和评价既有病害对桥梁的影响，从而为桥梁维修加固提供可靠的技术数据和依据。根据国内外、不同的桥型、材料、目的等可以分为很多种不同的检测方法，但在我国最常用的检测方法依然是荷载试验法。为了避免安全事故的发生，检测评定桥梁的承载力来确定其安全性是很重要的。有了能得出与桥梁实际承载力情况相符的检测方法，就可以使承载力评定结果更为准确可靠。

其次，荷载试验法最常用来对新建桥梁进行承载力评定。它不仅可以直接通过检测梁的应力、挠度和振动特性等，来反映桥梁的实际使用状态和承载力，随着有限元理论和计算机技术的发展，还可以建立出桥梁的动力模型进行精确计算，通过动态法快速测定桥梁承载力。

最后，在上述理论和方法的基础上，本次荷载试验拟采用有限元软件MIDAS /CIVIL 2015对主桥进行梁格法建模与桥梁结构分析。本次研究旨在根据某新建桥梁（孝感市临空经济区横3#路桥梁）的概况，设计出合适的荷载试验方案，并通过工程实例的应用，研究荷载试验法的适用性和发展前景。

关键词：静载试验；动载试验；荷载试验方案；有限元计算；梁格法建模

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's economic construction, highway and bridge construction has entered the era of rapid development. However, with the increase of the age of the bridge, the bridge collapse accidents occur more and more, resulting in a large number of casualties and great loss of property. According to incomplete statistics, at least 17 large bridges collapsed in the country between 2007 and 2011, killing 270 people, injuring 111 and missing 23. These incidents remind us of the importance of bridge detection and monitoring, as well as the urgent need to assess the carrying capacity of the bridge. In order to avoid the recurrence of the collapse accident, all new bridges must strictly carry out the test and evaluation of the bearing capacity of the bridge. The damage to the bridge and the repair and reconstruction of the bridge will require a great deal of manpower and capital. Therefore, through the bridge bearing capacity checking evaluation to grasp the new bridge's actual state, can benefit to bridge diseases and possible accident prevention, at the same time, it is good for our country's economic construction and the development of bridge construction.

First of all, for the sake of the bearing capacity of the bridge to make reasonable and effective evaluation, need through certain level of detection means to understand the technical status of bridge location, severity, and disease causes, etc., and analysis and evaluation of both the disease's influence on the bridge, so as to provide reliable technical data for bridge maintenance and basis. According to domestic and international, different bridge type, material, purpose can be divided into many different detection methods, but in our country the most commonly used detection method still is the load test method. In order to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents, it is very important to assess the bearing capacity of the bridge to determine its safety. It can be concluded that the bearing capacity evaluation can be more accurate and reliable.

Secondly, the load test method is the most commonly used for carrying capacity evaluation of new bridges. Load test method can not only detect beam directly through the stress, deflection and vibration characteristics, etc., to reflect the actual using state and bearing capacity of Bridges, along with the development of the finite element theory and computer technology, can also be the bridge's dynamic model is set up accurately calculate, through dynamic method for rapid determination of bearing capacity of bridge.

Finally, on the basis of the above theories and methods, this load test plans to use the finite element software MIDAS /CIVIL 2015 to conduct beam lattice modeling and bridge structure analysis of the main bridge. This study aimed to according to a new bridge(transverse 3# road bridge of linkong economic zone in Xiaogan city), design a suitable load test plan, and through the application of engineering examples, studies the applicability and development prospect of load test method.

Key Words：static load test；dynamic load test；load test scheme；finite element calculation；beam lattice modeling

目 录

第1章 绪论 5

1.1 研究背景及意义 5

1.2 国内外研究现状分析 5

1.3 研究主要内容 7

1.4 研究方法与技术路线 7

图1.1 技术流程图 8

第2章 荷载试验准备 9

2.1 梁格法箱型梁桥上部结构分析 9

2.1.1 梁格网格划分 9

2.1.1 剪力-柔性梁格理论 10

2.2 工程概况 11

2.2.1 设计标准 12

2.2.2 试验概况 13

2.3 试验目的 13

2.4 拟定试验内容及方法 14

2.4.1 桥梁外观检查 14

2.4.2 静载试验 14

2.4.3 动载试验 15

第3章 静载试验方案 16

3.1 梁格法建模及静载有限元计算 16

3.1.1 计算说明 16

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