摘 要

2016年，针对我国生产的形势，国务院安委办下发了《实施遏制重特大事故工作指南构建双重预防机制的意见》，要求各地区、有关单位和部门要构建双重预防机制。工贸集中区内企业众多，生产概况复杂，从业人员多，导致风险较多，隐患排查难度大，进行安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双控体系的方案建设就更加迫切。通过参与某工贸集中区企业双控建设，进行实践调研学习，抓住风险辨识、风险评估及分级、隐患排查治理等要点，设计工贸企业典型的双控体系建设方案。某工贸区有32家企业进行双控建设，3家医药企业，11家电子企业，6家食品企业，5家机械制造企业和7家其他类型企业。分析得出他们主要风险：医药企业是液氨泄漏、化学原料使用、运输和储存管理、污水池有毒有害物质；电子企业：清洗工件用到酸碱物质、电气设备防爆、电镀、油漆等工艺、职业病危害；食品企业：液氨泄漏、锅炉超压或缺水爆炸、传送机械防护不足、除尘效果不足、面粉等粉尘；机械制造企业：熔化、浇注防护不到位、锤头裂纹、冲压设备未设置联锁、铣床等防护罩缺失和金属粉尘。得出主要辨识重点为传送动力机械、化学品、起重机械、电气设备、环境、工作面防护、粉尘、有限空间作业、电气线路的绝缘防护。以及结合双控建设过程遇到的领导是否重视、缺乏专业安全人才和知识、培训时间不足的问题，最终完成工贸集中区双控体系的建设设计。然后结合某企业建设案例，分析其它在建设过程中遇到的不会辨识风险、隐患上报方式不足等问题是如何去解决，并最终顺利完成双控建设的。从中分析方案得出该方案有实际效果，实现了工贸区内企业风险的自我辨识和控制，隐患的及时发现和整治，将事故发生概率进一步降低，提高企业安全预控能力。

关键词：双控体系 工贸企业 风险辨识 风险分级管控 隐患排查治理

Design and Application Effect Analysis of Double Control System Construction Scheme in a Certain Industry and Trade Concentration Area

Abstract

In 2016, in response to the situation of China's production, the State Council's Security Committee issued the "Opinions on Implementing a Double Prevention Mechanism for the Prevention of Serious and Serious Accidents", requiring all regions, relevant units and departments to establish a dual prevention mechanism. There are many enterprises in the industrial and trade concentration area, the production profile is complex, there are many employees, which leads to more risks, and the hidden dangers are difficult to check. It is more urgent to carry out the construction of the safety risk grading control and hidden danger investigation and control system. By participating in the construction of dual control of enterprises in a certain industrial and trade concentration area, conducting practical research and study, and grasping the key points of risk identification, risk assessment and grading, hidden dangers and management, etc., design a typical dual control system construction plan for industrial and trade enterprises. There are 32 enterprises in a certain industry and trade zone for dual control construction, 3 pharmaceutical companies, 11 electronic enterprises, 6 food enterprises, 5 machinery manufacturing enterprises and 7 other types of enterprises. Analysis shows their main risks: pharmaceutical companies are liquid ammonia leakage, chemical raw material use, transportation and storage management, toxic and hazardous substances in sewage pools; electronic enterprises: cleaning of workpieces using acid and alkali substances, electrical equipment explosion-proof, electroplating, paint and other processes, Occupational disease hazards; food enterprises: liquid ammonia leakage, boiler overpressure or water shortage explosion, insufficient transmission machinery protection, insufficient dust removal effect, dust and other dust; machinery manufacturing enterprises: melting, pouring protection is not in place, hammer crack, stamping equipment is not set Missing shields such as interlocks and milling machines and metal dust. The main identification points are the transmission protection of power machinery, chemicals, lifting machinery, electrical equipment, environment, work surface protection, dust, limited space operation, and electrical lines. And the combination of the leadership of the dual control construction process, the lack of professional security personnel and knowledge, the lack of training time, and finally complete the construction of the industrial and trade concentration zone dual control system. Then combined with a case of enterprise construction, analyze other problems encountered in the construction process, such as not identifying risks, insufficient hidden danger reporting methods, etc., and finally successfully complete the dual control construction. From the analysis program, the program has practical effects, realizing self-identification and control of enterprise risks in the industrial and trade zones, timely detection and remediation of hidden dangers, further reducing the probability of accidents and improving the ability of enterprise safety pre-control.

Keywords: dual control system; industry and trade enterprise; risk identification; risk grading management; hidden danger investigation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪言 1

1.1 背景 1

1.2 研究的目的及意义 1

1.3 研究的内容 2

第二章 双控体系建设 3

2.1 企业双控体系建设启动 3

2.2 明确建设流程 3

2.3 组织机构建设 6

2.4 人员培训 6

2.5 安全风险分级管控体系 6

2.5.1 划分风险辨识单元 8

2.5.2 危险源辨识、分析 9

2.5.3 风险评价分级 10

2.5.4 风险分级管控 12

2.5.5 风险告知 14

2.6 隐患排查治理体系 15

2.6.1 制定隐患排查制度和清单 15

2.6.2 实施隐患排查 16

2.6.3 隐患治理及反馈 16

2.7 绩效考核和持续改进 17

2.7.1 绩效考核 17

2.8.2 持续改进 17

2.8 体系文本 17

第三章 某工贸集中区双控体系建设 19

3.1 工贸区概况及分析 19

3.2 各行业主要风险 20

3.3 建设过程分析 22

第四章 应用效果分析 23

4.1 某企业建设案例 23

4.2 总的建设效果 23

第五章 结论和展望 25

5.1 结论 25

5.2 展望 25

参考文献 26

致谢 27

第一章 绪言

1.1 背景

我国经济的发展形成了许多工贸集中区，工贸区内各类企业聚集，涵盖电子、食品、机械制造、纺织、医药等行业。由于企业较多，各个企业的情况较为复杂且差别较大，因而工贸区内存在的安全风险及隐患也就非常的多，难以做到全面排查及管控。隐患未能及时治理，这是企业事故发生量偏多的原因。面对时代发展对于安全的需求，企业需要探索更有效的方案来解决安全问题突出的现状，切实减少各类事故危害的发生，确保人员的生命及财产安全，保证企业生产正常进行，同时保障社会的稳定性。国家相关部门也一直致力于安全生产的探索，寻求更合理有效的方案加强安全管理监督。

2016年1月，在中共中央政治局常委会议上，习主席强调要加强应急救援能力，遏制严重事故多发势头。10月份，国务院安委会办公室下发了《关于实施遏制重特大事故工作指南构建双重预防机制的意见》，意见提出了构建安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制[1]。要切实加强领导作用，合理安排计划，突出重点区域重点行业完善双控体系方案的建设，深化风险和隐患管理整顿，提高安全生产水平。这是建立安全管理体系，防范严重事故发生的重要机制。通过建立和实行双重预防机制强化安全生产管理是安全生产领域改革和发展的方向。