1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. introduction nowadays, china has developed rapidly and attracted worldwide focus with the belt and road initiative in the times background of global informatization. however, china#8217;s media influence and voice remain to be enhanced in the international news media system. after the founding of the people#8217;s republic of china, china daily is the first-published english-language daily newspaper. it is a medium for international society to learn about and communicate with china. as well, it has an exemplary and instructional significance regarding fixing political news discourse. c/e translation of news should meet the needs of china#8217;s national image construction for avoiding misunderstanding and distortion from other countries. meanwhile, precise c/e translation of news should meet international focus, to let foreign readers know about china#8217;s current development veritably and directly. therefore hot words usually represent the trends of current development and common concerns. hence, on the basis of china daily news in 2018，this thesis will focus on studying application of domesticating and foreignization translation of hot words in 2018 china daily and analyze different translation processes which affected by different expression factor. 1.1 need for the study the thesis has both academic and practical meanings. on the one hand, china daily is an official and irreplaceable newspaper that provides a significant channel for foreigners to learn the current national and world conditions. therefore, china daily mainly serves those who are foreigners in china, and it is often used as a guide to chinese government policy. therefore, it is necessary for translators to apply different translation methods to different sections of news. on the other hand, hot words in china daily which have been sorted out and shared for examinees whom are preparing for mti examination to recite. however there has few papers which intend to analyze the translation strategies of the popular words or phrases. 1.2 research purpose to start with, the present study will make a literature review on the definition of domesticating and foreignizating translation, translation of news texts and introduce several factors which affected translation processes. after that, with the assistance of language.chinadaily.com.cn, this study with pick certain characteristic hot words from articles from the china daily world, china, business, culture and lifestyle sections concerning 2018 hot words. thus, the translation methods of hot words will be analyzed and dissected in an effort to classify the appropriate translation methods for the hot words in the future. 2. literature review till to days, domestication and foreignization in c/e translation have been applied into translation field. despite the extensive study of translation methods and hot words, the study of application of domesticating and foreignizating translation in news hot words remains almost few analysis. moreover, conventional analysis for studying translation process in news words of a whole year is relatively inadequate in face of huge quantities of real-life data. this chapter gives detailed explanation of theoretical framework on which the thesis will be put forward, including the brief introduction of domestication and foreignization and news words. besides, the thesis reviews previous studies on domestication and foreignization home and abroad as well as different factors which affected news translation. 2.1 domestication and foreignization domestication and foreignization are the names of two translation strategies. in the field of translational study, lawrence venuti is the first user of the technical terms of them. according to schuttleworth and cowie(1997:59), foreignizating translation (or minoritizing translation) is a term to designate the type of translation aims to deliberately break target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. venuti views it as the preferred translation stragtegy. he thus sees its role to send readers abroad. domesticating translation is a translation strategy that translators help to reduce readers#8217; opaque and non-fluent feeling during reading foreign language texts. 2.2 previous studies on domestication and foreignization 2.2.1 studies on domestication and foreignization abroad domesticating translation can be traced back to england in the 17th century. briefly speaking, in the english translation history and anglo-american culture, domesticating translation played a leading role in translation strategy. nida#8217;s translation theories are on behalf of domesticating translation theory. venuti criticizes on nida#8217;s translation theory. he insists that the domesticating translation with fluent style engage in cultural aggression and immigration in virtue of cultural communication. at the beginning of the 19th century, foreignizating translation became famous in germany. schleiermacher announces that foreignizating translation is helpful for setting up national culture and absorbing the expression method of foreign language. venuti suggests in the global condition of that time, foreignizating translation is needed for cultural intervention which aims to be opposed to cultural hegemonism in english-language conturies and unequal phenomenon in cultural communication. 2.2.2 studies on domestication and foreignization home some scholars insist on analyzing the dialectical relationship between domestication and foreignization as opposite translation strategies. owing to the previous existence of, professors and scholars have studies on comparison and discrimination of these two big strategy terms, aim to help foreign language major students having a definite understanding. according to zhuanbo#8217;s study(2009:12), domestication and foreignization, sense-for-sense translation and word-for-word translation are two connective but discriminative terms. domestication and sense-for-sense translation tend to allow sentences to read smoothly; foreignization and word-for-word translation pursue to respect target language grammar. however, their differences are obviously. domestication and foreignization put emphasis on culture and communication problems; sense-for-sense translation and word-for-word translation lay stress on language forms. 2.3 application of news words translation news words especially hot words allow people keep track of the development of current affairs even anticipate development trend. so it is of great significance for news translators to convey the meanings of original text accurately, for news media to guide public opinion properly. newmark(1988:50) suggests that commonly informative texts (such as news texts) are translated too literally and are suitable for communicative translation. ”news are likely neater and closer to translate than description, which requires the mental perceptional adjectives and images.” according to newmark#8217;s opinion, news translators should adopt a target language-centered approach and on the basis of which, ”strive to negotiate the differences between the stylistic norms, logical patterns, and cultural dispositions encoded respectively in the two language concerned.”(yuan xiaoning, 2005:75) 2.4 different factors affected translation of news in different sections 2.4.1 ideology in translation considering different sections of news and inner meanings, translation strategies are used to separated purposes. international condition is turbulent. in some kind of political situation, translators make translation serve for ideology of target language by revision. ideology is often enforced by the certain patrons, the individuals or institutions who commission or publish translations. ”translations can be potentially threatening precisely because they confront the receiving culture from another, different way of looking at life and society, a way that can be seen as potentially subversive, and must therefore to be kept out.”(bassnett lefevere, 1992:14) 2.4.2 source culture in translation when it comes to the translation of news in culture sections, to achieve the goal of emphasizing source culture, ”the translation process mainly aims at producing in the target language a kind of document of a communicative interaction in which a source-culture sender communicates with a source-culture audience via the source text under source-culture conditions.”(nord, 1997:47) sometimes, for easier to understand, translators even need to use literal translation with explanation or annotation and transliteration with explanation. (cai honggai, 2011:97) 2.4.3 new words in translation words are cornerstones of language, which is closed related to its society and culture. it is difficult to translate words with considerable culture connection to another language. even some words could not correspond to the words of same meaning in target language. some hot words might develop from new words. it is a challenge for translators that not only to create new words according to experience and reference but also to make sure the words are authentic. to remain the conveying of original meaning and popularity, combination of the known words is a common tradition process. what#8217;s more, avoiding personal emotion affecting translation process, new words are supposed to be translated by transliteration, paraphrase and explanatory translation. owing to culture differences or difficulty of understanding, explanatory translation means translating with sort of annotation in some cases. (jiang yishan,2011:145) cai honggai（2011:98）thinks that during characterized words translation processes, the use of translation strategies could not be single. most of c/e translations of characterized words combine with several translation methods. when translating chinese characterized words, translators should take cross-culture communication, language features and culture into consideration. moreover, political mind is necessary. pay more attention to accuracy of c/e translation of political terms. （cai honggai, 2011:98） 2.5 research gap there are numerous of studies about domestication and foreignization with dialectical style or analyzing on literature texts. thus the news including 2018 hot words is recent. the studies combining 2018 china daily hot words with domesticating and foreignizating translation are few, especially when these how words are chosen from official websites. news hot words are updated once a month in official website, at a high speed. meanwhile, the hot words are picked from 5 sections in 2018 china daily. readers usually focus on certain sections which they are used to read or interested in. this paper can provide a thorough analysis on hot words in different sections. unlike the previous studies, this paper gives high priority to domesticating and foreignizating translation applied to new hot words. references bassnett, s. (2010). translation studies［m］. shanghai foreign language education press, shanghai. bassnett, s. lefevere, a. (1992).translation, history, culture [m] . london: routledge. 14-18. friginal, e. mustafa, s. s. (2017). a comparison of u.s.-based and iraqi english research article abstracts using corpora. journal of english for academic purposes, 25, 45-57. jones, b. g. (2001). emerging technologies-tools and trends in corpora use for teaching and learning. language learning technology, 5(3), 7-12. lefevere, a. (2010). translation#8212;history, culture: a sourcebook［m］.shanghai foreign language education press, shanghai. newmark, p.(1988). a textbook of translation [m] . new york: prentice hall, 50-51. nord, c. (1997). translating as a purposeful activity [m] . manchester: st, jerome publishing, 47-50. shuttleworth, m. cowie, m. (1997). dictionary of translation studies [m] . manchester: st, jerome publishing, 59. sun, y.(2012). a corpus-based analysis of lexical features of news english (postgraduate program). south-central university for nationalities, wuhan. venuti, l. (1995). the translator#8217;s invisibility : a history of translation [m] . london: routledge 蔡红改（2011），中国特色词语的英译策略，《新闻爱好者》（16）：97-98。

杜争鸣（2008），《翻译策略与文化：英汉互译技巧详解》。

北京：中国经济出版社。

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Research Questions The study focuses on the research of application of domesticating and foreignizating translation on hot words in 2018 China Daily. The specific research questions are as follows: 1. What hot words are used in 2018 China Daily? 2. What hot words are translated by applying domestication? What are the features of these hot words? 3. What hot words are translated by applying foreignization? What are the features of these hot words? Data collection The data of this study come from China Daily official website and Language.chinadaily.com. This study picks 24 characteristic hot words from China, World, Business, Cluture and Life style 5 different sections in 2018 China Daily. These hot words are representative in analyzing process and abviously stem from different fields, which not only allow foreigners to have a comprehensive understanding of domestic and overseas conditions. All these words can be found in China Daily and Language.chinadaily.com.cn