1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. Introduction 1.1 Research background Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghan, and moved to the United States in 1980 with his family. The background of Afghanistan gave him access to the deep portrait of those Afghanistan women. Compared with his first novel, The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns, published in 2007 in New York, features the miserable life of Afghan women. After its publication, A Thousand Splendid Suns quickly goes viral, grabbing worldwide attention. It is this book that marks the maturity of Hosseini#8217;s writing skills and further establishes his remarkable status in modern American literary world. Mariam and Laila, the main characters of the book, were two different stereotypes of those Afghanistan women, but on account of ruthless war, they met each other and shared one husband, Rasheed. At the beginning, they didn#8217;t get along well with each other. As time goes by, the familiar suffering makes them let go of the former hostility and combine together closely. Mariam and Laila, both the main characters in the novel, represent the oppressed Afghan women under the patriarchy society, and Mariam#8217;s initiation process, from obedience to struggle, shines like splendid suns for other fellow sufferers. Though they epitomize the same type, they differ from each other greatly even from their childhood since they grow up in different families. Therefore, their own choice of life and understanding of the world have very little in common. That is to say, the environment surrounding each child, especially education background, affects them and plays an essential part in their shaping of value. The main point, ”education” is what this paper is going to focus on. 2. Literature review Previous study on A Thousand Splendid Suns focus mainly on such perspectives like feminism (ecofeminism), analysis on characters, narration and initiation story. In terms of feminism (ecofeminism), many essays have been written over this viewpoint. According to Liu Zhe (2011) and Cao Wangru (2017), nature resembles females in the common qualities, like softness and inclusiveness, and that human dominate nature signifies men#8217;s control over women. In their essay, males#8217; attempt to dominate over everything is to blame for females#8217; tragedies in a large part, and female can regain freedom and dignity through relentless fighting. However, females can truly achieve equality with males when they maintain self-dignity and gain economic independence, as it is suggested in the essay by Yang Yanqing (2011). As for the analysis of characters, main characters, such as Mariam, Laila and Jalil have been thoroughly discussed. Qin Yukun (2015) analyzes Mariam#8217;s whole life mixed with her initiation process in details. Li Xinmei (2018) gives a deep interpretation of Nana#8217;s abnormal love and coward behavior to unveil the prevailing pressure and oppression over females in Afghan society. Hou Yingying (2018) analyzes Jalil#8217;s behavior thoroughly to show his ambivalent attitude towards Mariam. When it comes to initiation story, some people have expressed their view. Lu Longwei (2015) analyzes Mariam#8217;s initiation process since childhood and declares the significance of owning a road leader. According to Li Aiai and Wang Qingyong (2015), A Thousand Splendid Suns is a typical initiation story which owns the basic elements composing an initiation story, with Laila at the center. Duan Lingling (2016), emphasizes the importance of self-awareness in protecting oneself from being squeezed and even hurt for females stuck in a male-dominant society. Narration is also a widely-researched viewpoint. Fan Jinhong and Zhang Xuemei (2010) explain the unique narration techniques used by Hosseini, such as polyphony, which rivet worldwide attention for the author. Xu Xiaohong and Zhao Qi (2009) focus on explaining the application of transformational internal foculization, which makes the novel more vivid and impressing. Other perspectives include new historicism, trauma and post colonialism. Zhang Ling (2010) analyzes the theme of the novel: the redemption of love, using cultural history of Afghan and the author#8217;s own life experience combined, from the perspective of new historicism. Zhang Li (2016) analyzes the background of the novel, thus disclose the miserable burden of patriarchy and colonialism over Afghan women. Li Aiai and Wang Qingyong (2015) discuss the process of two heroines healing the trauma amid social disorder, domestic violence and ruthless war and then declare the irreplaceability of having unfading faith inside one#8217;s mind. Wang Yingzi (2016) uses a new perspective called existentialism to illustrate the whole plot, which opens a new window to researchers at home and abroad. References Hosseini, Khaled. A Thousand Splendid Suns. New York: Riverhead Books, 2008. Cao,Wangru. [曹旺儒], 自然、女性、创伤、救赎#8212;#8212;卡勒德#183;胡塞尼小说《灿烂千阳》的生态女性主义解读. 英语广场，2017,（10）：31-33. Duan,Lingling. [段玲玲], 灿烂千阳中女性自主意识的成长分析. 西部皮革，2016,（04）：185-186. Fan,JinhongZhang,Xuemei. [范金宏和张雪梅], 小说《灿烂千阳》的叙事艺术. 经济研究，2010,（15）：160-161. Hou,Yingying. [侯莹莹], 以”非善”反衬”本善”#8212;#8212;走进《灿烂千阳》父亲角色之扎里勒的内心世界. 哲学文史研究, 2018,（5）：97-98. Hosseini, Khaled. [卡勒德#183;胡塞尼], 《灿烂千阳》. 上海：世纪出版集团, 2007. Li,AiaiWang,Qingyong. [李爱爱和王庆勇], 美丽的莱拉美丽的太阳#8212;#8212;从成长小说角度解读《灿烂千阳》. Masterpieces Review, 300384:30-32. Li,AiaiWang,Qingyong. [李爱爱和王庆勇], 李爱爱和王庆勇，《灿烂千阳》的人物创伤解析. Masterpieces Review, 300384：27-29 . Li,Xinmei. [李新美], 不能承受的生命之爱#8212;#8212;《灿烂千阳》中的娜娜形象分析. 边疆经济与文化, 2018,（2）：96-97. Lu,Longwei. [鲁农伟], 《灿烂千阳》中玛丽亚姆的成长之旅. 边疆经济与文化，2015,（11）：93-94. Liu,Zhe. [刘哲], 《灿烂千阳》的生态女性主义解读. 现代商贸工业，2011,（24）：338-339. Qin,Yukun. [秦玉坤], 美丽心灵的永恒阳光#8212;#8212;《灿烂千阳》中的玛丽亚姆人物形象分析. Masterpieces Review, 157012：99-100。

Wang,Yingzi. [王莹梓], 萨特存在主义视角下的《灿烂千阳》. （硕士学位论文），2016, 黑龙江：齐齐哈尔大学. Xu,XiaohongZhao,Qi. [许晓红和赵琪], 聚焦折射下的人物形象塑造及主题的凸显#8212;#8212;胡塞尼作品《灿烂千阳》叙事视角分析. 语文学刊, 2009,（5）：147-150. Yang,Yanqing. [杨彦清], 对胡塞尼的《灿烂千阳》的女性主义解读. 渭南师范学院学报, 2011,（7）：73-75. Zhang,Li. [张力], 为爱而战，重拾希望#8212;#8212;后殖民女性主义视角下的《灿烂千阳》. 开封教育学院学报，2016,（7）：47-48. Zhang,Ling. [张玲], 在新历史主义视角下解析《灿烂千阳》. （硕士学位论文），2010, 黑龙江:黑龙江大学. Zhang,Liying. [张丽莺], 《灿烂千阳》中玛丽亚姆的成长之旅-从成长小说角度分析. 成都师范学院学报, 2016,（6）：76-78

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1. Research Topic Education, an abstract conception, is receiving increasing concern at home and abroad. According to Wikipedia, education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs habits. It can be achieved by many different ways, including story-telling, teaching, training and discussion. Generally, education can be divided into five stages: preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, tertiary school, university and apprenticeship. 2. Research Methods Research methods will mainly include document research, contrast, deduction, and combination of theoretical research and text study. 1). Document Research. A document research is the process which involves reading, analyzing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly materials about a specific work. The author of the thesis has looked up in many libraries some background information, including basic knowledge about education, Khaled Hosseini#8217;s book A Thousand Splendid Suns, Hosseini#8217;s biographies, and previous studies on A Thousand Splendid Suns. In addition, the academic database and online materials are used as the references of the study. 2). Contrast. It refers to the logical method of comparing two things in order to show their similarities and differences, which is a major strategy in text analysis. In order to highlight the initiation and distinctiveness of the present study, this thesis will make a lot of comparisons and contrasts in the literature review part. In the main body of the thesis, contrast will be widely made in the analysis of similarities and differences of Mariam#8217;s and Laila#8217;s life. 3). Deduction. This method refers to the drawing of a conclusion by reasoning. In the main body of the thesis, every conclusion will be followed by well-grounded reasoning. By analyzing the role of education in Mariam and Laila, the conclusion, which emphasizes on the significance of education, will be made in the last part. The conclusion can also remind people of the invaluable resources they have neglected. 4). Combination of theoretical research and text study. It is one of the major research methods employed in the main body of the thesis. That means the present study will analyze the detailed similarities and differences of Hosseini#8217;s A Thousand Splendid Suns under the analysis of education.