1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. Introduction 1.1 Research background Since the 1990s, the study of cultural differences between China and America has been deepening from different levels and different perspectives. In recent years, with the development of globalization, domestic and international papers on the study of cultural differences between China and America have also been published from a variety of different aspects, laying the foundation for further study of cultural differences between the two nations. Following this wake, the present study aims at a comparative cultural research in the literature realm. The Joy Luck Club is the most successful masterpiece of the contemporary Chinese American female writer Amy Tan. It focuses on four Chinese American immigrant families in San Francisco who start a club known as The Joy Luck Club, playing the Chinese game of mahjong for money while feasting on a variety of foods. Suyuan, Lindo, Ying -ying and An -mei come to US to escape from their tragic life in old China. However, the deep-rooted Chinese culture in their blood makes it difficult for them to adjust to the mainstream culture in America. They confine themselves in Chinese traditions and cultures and refuse to change into American. Their daughters, on the other hand, are educated in America and accept the American mainstream culture, always trying to escape from their Chinese identities. The American values and mainstream culture are quite different from the Chinese culture. As the daughters grow up, these differences become more and more obvious. The daughters always fail to understand their mothers, resulting in quarrels and misunderstandings occurring everywhere. All these conflicts between mothers and daughters actually reflect the differences between Chinese and American cultures. The conflicts are vividly depicted in this book. With time going by, after a series of conflicts and misunderstandings between mothers and daughters, they begin to understand each other. The two generations finally become harmony because of love. From The Joy Luck Club we can clearly see that different countries have different cultures, so it is a proper book to study the differences between China and America. 1.2 Need for the study Culture differences have been a research topic over the past decades. With the development of globalization, more and more people recognize that we could not close our country#8217;s door to refuse other countries#8217; cultures, so many people begin to research culture differences in order to better understand cultural difference and dissolve the cultural conflicts. Culture differences often appear in many masterpieces and has obtained wide attention. Besides, in modern society, culture differences have aroused great social attention. With the rapid development of society, there are more and more international communications. No country can develop in isolation. Since every country has their different cultures, in order to better communication, we should find out the differences before communication. All cultures are equal. No culture is inferior or superior to other cultures. In communication, people should respect each other#8217;s culture. Only when people from different cultures understand each other and tolerate each other can they live in harmony. 2. Literature review Since the 20th century, especially since the 1970s, a group of Chinese elites in intellectual and literary circle have gradually made the Chinese community living in the United States and the long-standing Chinese cultural tradition behind them stand out with their talents and works. Therefore, today, the issue of the relationship between Chinese and American culture has increasingly become one of the hot issues of concern in the literary and critic circles of China and the United States. The Joy Luck Club is a model for the exploration of the relationship between Chinese and American culture by Chinese and American writers in recent years. 2.1 Previous studies abroad on The Joy Luck Club In America, The Joy Luck Club has received mixed reviews from different people. There are mainly three perspectives to study The Joy Luck Club. Firstly, from the orientalist perspective, some people think as a Chinese American. Amy Tan knows much about Chinese culture, and The Joy Luck Club runs through the connotation of Chinese culture from beginning to end. In their eyes, China is benighted and backward and the description of The Joy Luck Club is exactly in line with foreigners#8217; imagination of China. They think this novel is filled with orientalism. It shows American in Chinese eyes and China in American eyes. It exactly shows the collision of Chinese and American cultures. It shows the differences between two cultures. And the famous American critic Frank Chin writes in Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian-American Writers! (1974) that what Tan shows about China#8217;s decadent and backward culture in The Joy Luck Club is just her misinterpreted China to cater to the curiosity of western readers. The Chinese and American Chinese depicted in Amy Tan#8217;s novel are the product of white racist imagination, neither fact nor Chinese culture. Secondly, from the pluralistic cultural perspective, Harold Bloom (2009) thinks the formation of American multiculturalism is the result of cultural collisions with various differences. In The Joy Luck Club, mothers and children have many conflicts because of culture differences. They finally live in harmony due to the fusion of cultural differences. So in the face of cultural differences we should treat them equally. The third view is ethnic identity perspective. As a second generation of Chinese immigrants, Tan Amy#8217;s novel unavoidably exhibits ethnic identity theme. Amy Ling (1990) reveals in her article ”Between Worlds: Women Writers of Chinese Ancestry” that mothers get rid of the ravages of traditional Chinese culture. They immigrate to the United States in order for their children to live a happy life and become the most perfect combination of Chinese and American culture. But they have failed. They still have to look for their own identity in American society because of gender, racial disadvantage and so on. Huntly, E.D. (1998) analyzes The Joy Luck Club from culture aspect in his book Amy Tan: A Critical Companion. He describes the essay in terms of cultural identity and race. The four mothers and daughters live in America but they have been influenced by Chinese and American culture, so they suffer from identity crisis and live on the edge of Chinese and American culture. 2.2 Previous domestic studies Since 1990, the professor Wang Lili published an article about evaluating The Joy Luck Club, more and more scholars are interested in studying The Joy Luck Club. In China, scholars study The Joy Luck Club mainly from the following three aspects. The most popular aspect is the relationship between mother and daughter. It believes that mother and daughter#8217;s relationship play an important role in this novel. It is the conflicts between mothers and daughters that promote the development of the novel. Chen Aimin (2003) presents the roles of mothers as:” the carrier of Chinese culture and tradition, the medium of history and memory, and the bridge of past and present” in article ”The Cultural Significance of the Mother Image and the Mother-daughter Relationship in Amy Tan#8217;s Novels”. Li Dan (2012) makes an analysis about The Joy Luck Club from the relationship between mothers and daughters. Through the analysis of the conflicts and compromises between four mothers and their daughters, the study reveals the different values and marriages between American and Chinese. Chen Farong (2016) also explores the differences between China and America cultures in The Joy Luck Club from the surface conflicts between mothers and daughters to culture conflicts. The second popular aspect about the novel is identity. Mothers and daughters influence by Chinese culture and American Culture, so it is unavoidable for them to be affected by both at the same time. Wang Xiaoling and Luo Senxiang (2013) in ”The Mothers and Daughters#8217;s Bicultural Dilemma and Identity Crisis in The Joy Luck Club” explore the characters#8217; confused and bicultural dilemma. Wang Qili (2015) in the article ”Different Role Awareness between Chinese and Western Women in The Joy Luck Club”, states role awareness between Chinese and Western women, through analyzing women#8217;s fate from the perspective of feminism in The Joy Luck Club. The third popular aspect about The Joy Luck Club is culture. Chinese people come to America to work and live, they are influenced deeply by traditional Chinese culture, it is a key point to interpret the culture conflicts. Qingying (2012) demonstrates the conflicts from language, values and philosophy of life in the article ”Culture Differences between Chinese and Americans in The Joy Luck Club”. Yang Yanbin (2014) studies the main culture conflict from language in the article ”Cultural Differences Reflected by Language-The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan as a case”, Yang states that ”culture differences are primary in language difference”. Qian Qiuyue (2015) presents the culture different from family value in ”An Analysis of Different Family Education Values Between America and China in The Joy Luck Club” in 2015. She demonstrates the differences of family education values of the two generations and analyzes the reflected cultural differences of the two generations of Chinese Americans. 3. Methodology First, document research. According to consult relevant materials such as books, periodicals, papers and so on to obtain sufficient theoretical information. Use the CNKI e-book resources and network resources to sum up and summarize the information collected. Second, empirical analysis. In the process of research, we focus on the study of The Joy Luck Club and sum up our own conclusions.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Methodology First, document research. According to consult relevant materials such as books, periodicals, papers and so on to obtain sufficient theoretical information. Use the CNKI e-book resources and network resources to sum up and summarize the information collected. Second, empirical analysis. In the process of research, we focus on the study of The Joy Luck Club and sum up our own conclusions.