水环境中超级抗性基因的丰度与耐药特征的影响因素研究任务书
2020-04-20 13:47:07
1. 毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求
抗生素的滥用极大加剧了细菌耐药性的产生和发展,严重威胁公共安全[1-2]. 抗性基因作为一种新型环境污染物被提出,受到国际社会的高度关注[3]. 地表水是城市径流和污水的受纳水体,为抗性基因的存活及传播提供了良好的环境,成为环境中抗性基因的重要污染源. 已在不同国家的河流、湖泊中检出多种抗生素和抗性基因[4-5],主要来源于城市污水、养殖废水等的排放[1-2]. 近年来,我国学者也高度关注环境中抗性基因的污染. 以长江为例,已报道检出超过100种抗性基因[6],相对丰度可达20%以上[7];以长江为水源的南京某自来水厂出水中也检出包括抗四环素、红霉素和磺胺等在内的多种抗性基因[6],表明长江特别是下游区域耐药性污染情况十分严峻. mcr-1和ndm-1是近年来发现的两种新型抗性基因. mcr-1于2015年首先在我国人和畜禽体内被检出[8],随后陆续在亚洲[9-13]、欧洲[14-15]和北美很多国家[16-18]发现,其编码多粘菌素类抗生素耐药性,而后者被认为是抵御细菌耐药性的”最后一道防线”. ndm-1编码β-内酰胺类抗生素水解酶,但后来发现其具有多重耐药能力,对除多黏菌素外的所有抗生素具有耐药性[19],ndm-1携带菌也已在很多国家患者或动物体内检出[20-24],被称为”超级细菌”. 上述抗性基因均通过质粒介导,水平转移能力很强,健康风险远大于传统抗性基因. 但相比于临床卫生领域,对其在环境中的研究较为稀少. 部分研究者已在养殖场、污水、河流和海洋等各种环境中分离出携带上述抗性基因的细菌[25-33],表明mcr-1和ndm-1在环境中也普遍存在. 然而考虑到环境中大部分细菌为不可培养[34],如果仅通过分离宿主菌进行研究难以全面地反映基因的环境风险. yang等[35-36]通过定量pcr针对ndm-1在河流和污水厂中的分布特征进行考察,为该类基因环境行为的研究提供了很好的范例. 该研究拟针对mcr-1和ndm-1在南京地区典型污水厂中的分布特征和耐药特征展开研究. 首先考察mcr-1和ndm-1的检出、丰度及其空间分布特征,进而考察携带菌耐受抗生素能力的变化。
论文的数据必须实事求是。
通过论文将自己的实验结果通过图表、文字分析等步骤,按照逻辑方式得出结论。
2. 参考文献
[1]. OBERLEacute; K,CAPDEVILLE M J,BERTHE T,et al.Evidence for a Complex Relationship between Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli:From Medical Center Patients to a Receiving Environment[J].Environmental Science Technology,2012,46(3):1859-1868. [2]. STORTEBOOM H,ARABI M,DAVIS J G,et al.Identification of Antibiotic-Resistance-Gene Molecular Signatures Suitable as Tracers of Pristine River,Urban,and Agricultural Sources[J].Environmental Science Technology,2010,44(6):1947-1953. [3]. PRUDEN A,PEI R,STORTEBOOM H,et al.Antibiotic Resistance Genes as Emerging Contaminants:Studies in Northern Colorado #8224;[J].Environmental Science Technology,2006,40(23):7445-7450. [4]. SHAH S Q,COLQUHOUN D J,NIKULI H L,et al.Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the bacterial flora of integrated fish farming environments of Pakistan and Tanzania[J].Environmental Science Technology,2012,46(16):8672-8679. [5]. TACAtilde;O M,CORREIA A,HENRIQUES I.Resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics in aquatic systems:anthropogenic activities modulate the dissemination of blaCTX-M-like genes[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(12):4134-4140. [6]. SHI Peng,JIA Shuyu,ZHANG Xuxiang,et al.Metagenomic insights into chlorination effects on microbial antibiotic resistance in drinking water.[J].Water Research,2013,47(1):111-120. [7]. YANG Yuyi,LIU Wenzhi,XU Chen,et al.Antibiotic resistance genes in lakes from middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China:Effect of land use and sediment characteristics[J].Chemosphere,2017,178:19-25. [8]. LIU Yiyun,WANG Yang,WALSH T R,et al.Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China:a microbiological and molecular biological study[J].Lancet Infectious Diseases,2016,16(2):161-168. [9]. YU Hua,QU Fen,SHAN Bin,et al.Detection of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from different hospitals in China[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2016,60(8):5033-5035. [10]. NAKAYAMA T,KUMEDA Y,KAWAHARA R,et al.Carriage of colistin-resistant,extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli harboring the mcr-1 resistance gene after short-term international travel to Vietnam[J].Infection Drug Resistance,2018,11:391-395. [11]. UCHIDA H,TADA T,SUGAHARA Y,et al.A clinical isolate of Escherichia coli co-harbouring mcr-1 and blaNDM-5 in Japan[J].Journal of Medical Microbiology,2018,67(8):1047-1049. [12]. KUSUMOTO M,OGURA Y,GOTOH Y,et al.Colistin-Resistant mcr-1#8211;Positive Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Swine,Japan,2007#8722;2014[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2016,22(7):1315-1317. [13]. YOON E J,HONG J S,YANG J W,et al,2018.Detection of mcr-1 Plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates From Human Specimens:Comparison With Those in Escherichia coli Isolates From Livestock in Korea[J].Ann Lab Med,2018,38(6):555-562. [14]. HASMAN H,HAMMERUM A M,HANSEN F,et al.Detection of mcr-1 encoding plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from human bloodstream infection and imported chicken meat,Denmark 2015[J].Eurosurveillance,2015,20(49):1-5. [15]. CORBELLA M,MARIANI B,FERRARI C,et al.Three cases of mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Escherichia coli bloodstream infections in Italy,August 2016 to January 2017[J].Eurosurveillance,2017,22(16):30517. [16]. MCGANN P,SNESRUD E,MAYBANK R,et al.Escherichia coli harboring mcr-I and blaCTX-M on a novel IncF plasmid:First report of mcr-1 in the USA[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2016,20:4420-4421. [17]. RAPOPORT M,FACCONE D,PASTERAN F,et al.First Description of mcr-1-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Human Infections Caused by Escherichia coli in Latin America[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2016,60(7):4412-4413. [18]. FERNANDES M R,MOURA Q,SARTORI L,et al.Silent dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in South America could contribute to the global spread of the mcr-1 gene[J].Euro Surveill,2016,21(17):30214. [19]. ROGERS B A,SIDJABAT H E,SILVEY A,et al.Treatment Options for New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Harboring Enterobacteriaceae[J].Microbial Drug Resistance,2013,19(2):100-103. [20]. LIEW S M,RAJASEKARAM G,PUTHUCHEARY S D,et al.Detection of VIM-2-,IMP-1- and NDM-1-producing multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Malaysia[J].J Glob Antimicrob Resist,2018,13:271-273. [21]. MELETIS G,CHATZOPOULOU F,CHATZIDIMITRIOU D,et al.Whole Genome Sequencing of NDM-1-Producing ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated in a Private Laboratory in Greece[J].Microbial Drug Resistance,2018,(DIO:10.1089/mdr.2017.0411). [22]. PASKOVA V,MEDVECKY M,SKALOVA A,et al.Characterization of NDM-Encoding Plasmids From Enterobacteriaceae Recovered From Czech Hospitals[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2018,9:1549. [23]. PEDERSEN T,SEKYERE J O,GOVINDEN U,et al.Spread of Plasmid-Encoded NDM-1 and GES-5 Carbapenemases among Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Clinical Enterobacteriaceae in Durban,South Africa[J].Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy,2018,62(5). [24]. SAVOV E,POLITI L,SPANAKIS N,et al.NDM-1 Hazard in the Balkan States:Evidence of the First Outbreak of NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bulgaria[J].Microbial Drug Resistance,2017,24(3):253-259. [25]. CASELLI E,D'ACCOLTI M,SOFFRITTI I,et al.Spread of mcr-1-Driven Colistin Resistance on Hospital Surfaces,Italy[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases.2018,24(9),1752-1753. [26]. RALI R,BERRAZEG M,ZIDOUNI L L,et al.Emergence of mcr-1 plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from seawater[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,642:90-94. [27]. GARZARAMOS U,TAMAYOLEGORRETA E,ARELLANOQUINTANILLA D M,et al.Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug- and Colistin-Resistant mcr-1-Producing Escherichia coli Isolate from a Swine Farm in Mexic.[J].Genome Announcements,2018,6(10):e00102-18. [28]. LEROY A G,NAZE F,DORTET L,et al.Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in a clinical Escherichia coli isolate in the Indian Ocean Commission[J].M#233;decine Et Maladies Infectieuses,2018,48(6):426-428. [29]. WANG Ruobing,DROP L,SHAW L P,et al.The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1[J].Nature Communications,2018,9(1):1179. [30]. WANG Xiaoming.,WANG Yao,WANG Yang,et al,2018b.Emergence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and its variant in several uncommon species of Enterobacteriaceae from commercial poultry farm surrounding environments[J].Vet Microbiol 219:161-164. [31]. MANTILLA-CALDERON D,JUMAT M R,WANG T,et al.Isolation and Characterization of NDM-Positive Escherichia coli from Municipal Wastewater in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia[J].Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy,2016,60(9):5223-5231. [32]. OVEJERO C M,DELGADOBLAS J F,CALEROCACERES W,et al.Spread of mcr-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae in sewage water from Spain[J].Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2017,72(4):1050-1053. [33]. ZURFUH K,POIREL L,NORDMANN P,et al.Occurrence of the plasmid-borne mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in ESBL-producing Enterobacteriacae in river water and imported vegetable samples in Switzerland[J].Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy,2016,60(4):2594-2595. [34]. RIESENFELD C S,GOODMAN R M,HANDELSMAN J,Uncultured soil bacteria are a reservoir of new antibiotic resistance genes[J].Environ Microbiol,2004,6(9):981-989. [35]. AHAMMAD Z S,SREEKRISHNAN T R,HANDS C L,et al.Increased Waterborne blaNDM-1 Resistance Gene Abundances Associated with Seasonal Human Pilgrimages to the Upper Ganges River[J].Environmental Science Technology,2014,48(5):3014-3020. [36]. YANG Fengxia,MAO Daqing,ZHOU Hao,et al.Propagation of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Genes (blaNDM-1) from a Wastewater Treatment Plant to Its Receiving River[J].Environmental Science Technology ,2016,3(4):138-143.
3. 毕业设计(论文)进程安排
起讫日期 设计(论文)各阶段工作内容 备 注 查找收集文献资料、撰写开题报告 2周 准备实验器材和实验药品 2周 实验阶段 8周 处理数据、撰写论文 5周 答辩 1周