1．目的及意义

1.1 Background and Significanceof Selected Topics

With the rapid development of science and technology,automobiles have become an indispensable part of human life. The demand and useof automobiles is increasing. At the same time, the population and economic growth havemade humanity’s demand for energy more and more. It is not onlybecause petrochemical energy cannot be regenerated, but also the consumption ofresources is increasing. The world's energy shortage has caused many problems andeven wars. The emission of automobile exhaust gas also leads to many climateproblems. People's quality of life has received many influences fromenvironmental pollution, which has aroused the attention of all countries. New energy vehicleshave emerged as the times require, and pure electric vehicles that have no pollutionto the environment, low noise, high efficiency, simple structure, and easymaintenance have become the focus of research and development in variouscountries.

As a popularchoice for urban public transportation, pure electric passenger cars have theadvantages of large passenger capacity, sufficient space, simple structure, andlow maintenance and maintenance. Therefore, all enterprises and governments arefocusing on the development of pure electric passenger cars, and pure electricpassenger cars have become An unstoppable development trend. The rise anddevelopment of tourism have made the demand for tourist buses more and more. Energy-saving,environmental protection, and simple structure of pure electric tourist bus hasbecome the primary choice for all companies.

Thebus body is the most important part of the bus and closely related to the size,quality, dynamics, economy, ride comfort, handling stability, and passabilityof the bus. In the automotive design process, the overalllayout of the car body is a very important part. Areasonable body structure and overall layout can not only satisfy ride comfortbut also ensure maximum bearing quality, maximize the effective spaceutilization of the vehicle body, and achieve the purpose of reducing costs andenergy consumption. The study of the design ofthe general layout of the body of a pure electric tourist bus has importantpractical significance.

1.2 Research Status analysis outside the country

With the continuous increase of the mileage of high-grade highways inChina and the development of tourism, the demand for long-distance and touristbuses has increased year by year. The domestic passenger car companies have increased theirown product development levels through joint ventures and cooperation or theintroduction of technology, and the speed of product shape changes hasaccelerated. A new model has been introduced almost every year, and the designlevel of some products has reached or approached the level of similar foreignproducts. The annual World Bus Exhibition held in Frankfurt, Germany, bringstogether the top new products from leading companies in the world bus industry,such as German Mercedes-Benz, Neoplan and Man, and Sweden's Volvo and Scania. The brand-newproducts they display today are most likely to be the popular shape of buses inour country tomorrow. This can be seen from the appearance patterns that arepopular every year in China.

Withthe ever-increasing competition in the electric vehicle industry, mergers andacquisitions among large-scale electric vehicle companies and capital operationshave become increasingly frequent. Domestic excellent electric vehiclecompanies are paying more and more attention to the research of the industrymarket, especially to the changes in the company's development environment andcustomer demand trends. In-depth study. Judgingfrom the maturity of technology development and China's national conditions,pure electric vehicles should be the direction of development .Pureelectric vehicles eliminate the need for fuel tanks, engines, transmissions,cooling systems, and exhaust systems. Compared to conventional gasoline-poweredinternal combustion engine power systems, motors and controllers have lowercosts, and pure electric vehicles have higher energy conversion efficiency. Becausethe energy source of electric vehicles - electricity, from large generators,the efficiency of small gasoline engines or even hybrid engines can not becompared. As a result, the cost of use of pure electric vehicles isdeclining. According to the data released by BYD F3e pure electricvehicle, 100 kilometers of driving consumes 12 degrees of electricity,according to 0.5 yuan of electricity price, the use cost of 100 kilometers isonly 6 yuan. Its prototype car F3 petrol fuel consumption is 7.6liters per hundred kilometers. According to the oil price of 6.2 yuan, the costis 46.5 yuan. In contrast, the use of electric vehicles is one-eighththat of conventional gasoline cars.

The development ofthe body design also shows a clear trend. At present, it appears to be mainlyreflected in the following directions: lightweight body design; body platform,modular design; streamlined body design. It is believedthat the design of the general layout of large-scale long-distance passengercoaches will be further studied and improved in terms of economy and comfort,and it will become increasingly mature in appearance.

Thecoach bus body design is part of the car design. It is carried out on the basisof the overall layout of the vehicle. The overall layout of the car body is theentrance to the entire design process of the car. The detailed design of eachcomponent can only be performed after the general layout plan is determined.Therefore, the overall layout of the car body largely determines the success orfailure of car design. Inthe field of coach bus body design, foreign countries have been very mature,but the domestic is still not perfect.In the layout of the body, the ergonomics that have gradually developedrecently provide the best design tools for the layout of the car body. Inforeign countries, the research content of ergonomics in automobile design hasbecome increasingly extensive and in-depth. It is of great significance tosolve the problem of how car and body design adapt to human characteristics andimprove the working efficiency of human-machine systems. Ergonomicsprovides us with effective methods and empirical data for the design ofinterior layout of automobile bodies. These empirical data are of goodreference value for the future general layout design of the vehicle body. InChina, this science started late and lacked experience, so a clear ergonomicdesign method has not yet been formed.

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2. 研究的基本内容与方案

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2.1 Research (design) goals