摘 要

随着科技的不断进步以及工业的飞速发展，很多传统的焊接件已经无法满足人们的需求，人们对焊接件提出了越来越严苛的性能要求。然而，仅仅使用一种材料很难使得组件同时具备众多优异性能。于是人们考虑到将异种材料连接起来，从而集不同的优良特性于一体。因此近几年来有关钎焊的研究备受关注。对传统的钎焊而言，最大的问题是润湿性差，焊后接头质量不理想。而在超声波辅助的条件下，合理地利用超声波的空化效应，可以较好的解决钎焊时ZrO₂陶瓷表面润湿性差的问题，提升焊接质量。

本文主要研究：在超声波辅助的条件下，待镀ZrO₂陶瓷表面粗糙度的变化以及超声波振动时长对镀层组织及其力学性能的影响，同时对其原理做出解释与分析。该课题采用金相显微镜、SEM及力学性能测试等手段对超声波辅助钎焊的效果做出检测与评估。在此次超声波辅助ZrO₂陶瓷表面镀金属锡的实验中，采用的温度是300℃。实验结果表明：当待镀表面的粗糙度保持不变，超声波振动时间增加时，镀层厚度明显增加；而超声波振动时间保持不变，待镀表面的粗糙度增大时，镀层厚度明显增大，而且连接件的剪切强度也会明显增大。

关键词：超声波辅助钎焊；润湿；ZrO₂陶瓷；粗糙度；超声波振动时间

Abstract

With the continuous progress of science and technology as well as the rapid development of industry, many traditional welding parts have been unable to meet people's needs. People put forward more and more stringent requirements on the performance of the welding parts. However, it is difficult to use only one kind of material to realize many excellent performance at the same time. So people think highly of the connection of heterogeneous materials, which sets different excellent properties in part. So the research on brazing has gained much attention in recent years. For conventional brazing, the biggest problem is the poor wettability, and the quality of the welded joint is not superior enough. Under the condition of ultrasonic assisted, the cavitation effect of ultrasonic can be reasonably utilized, which can solve the problem of poor wettability of ZrO₂ ceramic surface and improve the welding quality.

Therefore, ultrasound-assisted brazing of plating Sn on ZrO₂ ceramic surface was performed in this paper. Metallographic microscope, SEM and mechanical property test were introduced to accurately test and evaluate the effect of brazing. The effect of lasting time of ultrasonic wave and surface roughness of ZrO₂ ceramic on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints as well as its basic principle of mechanism were investigated in detail. In this experiment of ultrasound-assisted brazing of plating Sn on ZrO₂ ceramic surface, its brazing temperature of Sn Solder is 300℃. Experiment results indicate that when the roughness of the ZrO₂ surface remains constant and the action time of vibration of ultrasonic rises, the thickness of the coating will increase obviously; besides, when the time of vibration of ultrasonic remains constant and the roughness of the ZrO₂ surface rises, the thickness of the coating can be significantly thicker and shear strength of the connecting parts will also increase obviously.

Key Words：ultrasound-assisted brazing; ZrO₂ ceramic; roughness; the time of vibration of ultrasonic

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 氧化锆/金属异种材料的焊接性 1

1.3 超声波辅助钎焊的特点 2

1.4 超声波辅助钎焊国内外研究现状 2

1.4.1 超声波辅助钎焊国内研究现状 2

1.4.2 超声波辅助钎焊国外研究现状 5

1.5本课题研究的具体内容 6

第2章 实验 7

2.1 实验材料 7

2.1.1试样制备所用的陶瓷 7

2.1.2 试样制备所用的钎料 7

2.1.3 试样制备所用的AB胶 8

2.1.4 试样制备所用的抛光剂 8

2.1.5 试样制备所需要的其他实验材料 8

2.2 实验仪器与设备 8

2.2.1 研磨抛光机与砂纸、抛光布 8

2.2.2 超声波发生器以及电阻加热器 9

2.2.3 熔锡炉 10

2.2.4 金相显微镜 10

2.2.5 扫描电子显微镜（SEM） 11

2.3实验方法与过程 11

2.3.1 镀锡前的各项准备 11

2.3.2 镀锡过程及试样连接过程 12

2.3.3 灌胶过程 13

2.3.4 试样的制备 13

2.3.5 试样的金相观察和剪切测试 14

第3章 实验观察结果及讨论 15

3.1 不同超声振动时间下氧化锆/Sn界面金相显微形貌分析及讨论 15

3.2 不同表面粗糙度下氧化锆/Sn界面金相显微形貌分析及讨论 17

3.3 不同表面粗糙度下力学性能测试结果及讨论 19

第4章 实验结论与展望 22

4.1 实验结论 22

4.2 展望 22

参考文献 23

致 谢 24