减薄型铸铜冷却壁的铸造工艺设计及优化毕业论文
2021-03-29 00:01:55
摘 要
随着高炉炼铁技术的不断进步,高炉生产朝着优质、高产、低耗和长寿方向发展。冷却壁作为高炉最重要的冷却设备,其冷却能力和使用寿命很大程度上决定着高炉的寿命。传统的铸铁冷却壁与钢冷却壁已经难以满足现代高炉的长寿要求,而铜冷却壁冷却性能更好,使用寿命更长,可以有效提高高炉寿命。相比轧制铜冷却壁,铸铜冷却壁安全性能更好,寿命更长,成本更低,具有明显的应用优势。
本研究主要在典型冷却壁结构基础上,设计了减薄型铸铜冷却壁。利用Pro/E软件建立了减薄型铸铜冷却壁三维实体模型,根据其结构特点和技术要求设计了水平底注式与阶梯式两种浇注方案,并分别确定相应的铸造工艺参数。利用ProCAST软件进行凝固数值模拟,分析冷却壁的充型过程、凝固过程及缺陷分布。
通过对模拟结果的比较分析,选择确定了阶梯式浇注方案。并在此基础上,通过设置冷铁、改用小冒口、提高预埋铜管预热温度等工艺措施,优化铸造工艺,减少缩孔、缩松缺陷,并确定较佳浇注温度。最后,以优化工艺模拟结果为理论支撑进行了试生产。结果表明铸铜冷却壁表面质量良好,符合技术要求。研究成果对铸铜冷却壁的实际生产具有参考价值。
关键词:铸铜冷却壁,ProCAST,数值模拟,工艺优化
Abstract
With the continuous progress of blast furnace ironmaking technology, blast furnace operation is developing towards high quality, high yield, low consumption and longevity direction. Cooling stave,as the most important cooling equipment, its cooling capacity and service life to a large extent determine the life of the blast furnace. The traditional cast iron cooling stave and steel cooling stave have been difficult to meet the requirements of modern blast furnace longevity, copper cooling stave with better cooling performance as well as longer life, can effectively improve the life of blast furnace. Compared with the rolling copper cooling stave, cast copper cooling stave which is characterized by safer, longer life, lower cost, has obvious advantages of application.
This study mainly based on the typical structure of cast copper stave, then designed a kind of thinned cast copper cooling stave. Three - dimensional solid model of thinned copper cooling stave was drawn by using Pro/E software. According to its structural characteristics and technical requirements, the horizontal pouring and stepped pouring schemes were designed and the corresponding casting parameters were determined respectively. The solidification numerical simulation was carried out by using ProCAST software to analyze the filling process, solidification process and defect distribution of cooling stave.
By analyzing and comparing the simulation results, the stepped pouring scheme was selected. On this basis, through the installment of cold iron, switching to small risers, improving the preheating temperature of embedded copper pipes and other technical measures to optimize the casting process to reduce shrinkage defects, and determine the better pouring temperature. Finally, try-production were carried out with the simulation results as theory basis.The results show that the surface of the cast copper cooling stave is of good quality and meets the technical requirements. The research results have reference value for the actual production of cast copper cooling stave.
Key Words: cast copper stave, ProCAST, numerical simulation, process optimization
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 冷却壁的特点与分类 2
1.2.1 冷却壁的特点 2
1.2.2 冷却壁的分类 2
1.3 铸铜冷却壁的国内外现状与进展 6
1.4 铸件凝固模拟技术概述 7
1.5 研究目的与主要内容 8
第2章 铸铜冷却壁的技术要求与铸造工艺设计 9
2.1 铸铜冷却壁的技术要求 9
2.2 减薄型铸铜冷却壁的结构特点 9
2.3 铸铜冷却壁的铸造工艺设计 10
2.3.1 造型材料的选择 11
2.3.2 浇注位置和分型面的选择 11
2.3.3 浇注系统设计 12
第3章 铸铜冷却壁的数值模拟 17
3.1 建立模型 17
3.1.1 铸铜冷却壁和浇注系统的绘制 17
3.1.2 砂箱的绘制 18
3.2 网格划分 19
3.2.1 面网格 19
3.2.2 体网格 20
3.3 前处理 20
3.4 铸造工艺模拟及分析 21
3.4.1 方案a模拟分析 21
3.4.2 方案b模拟分析 23
3.4.3 方案对比 25
3.5 工艺优化 26
3.6 试生产验证 28
第4章 结论 29
参考文献 30
致 谢 32
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究背景与意义
在现代炼铁工艺中,高炉炼铁工艺具有生产规模大、运行效率高、燃料消耗低、生产成本低、能源利用充分、工艺技术成熟等优点,目前高炉的炼铁量占到世界炼铁总量的97%。数据表明,钢铁企业生产钢铁过程所消耗的全部能源中,因高炉冶炼而消耗的能源占比超过70%[1]。因此,高炉炼铁企业如果能够采取一定的措施来降低高炉炼铁成本,其经济效益将十分明显。
自20世纪70年代以来,随着高炉技术的快速发展,高炉在现代化、大型化、机械化、自动化、长寿化等方面均取得了长足进步。实践证明,延长高炉寿命可有效提高高炉生产效率,大幅度降低高炉大修投资,有效降低高炉大修期间停产、减产损失,是现代高炉技术进步的主要标志[2]。20世纪80年代以来,日本、欧美等炼钢发达国家在高炉长寿领域进行了卓有成效的创新实践,有效延长了高炉寿命。总结研究实践经验,概括起来可以归纳为:(1)改善高炉冷却方式。(2)改进高炉冷却器结构。(3)改进耐火材料内衬结构。(4)优化高炉操作,采用高炉精料技术、炉料整粒、炉料分布控制技术等。(5)开发高炉炉体自动检测和控制技术。(6)开发炉体维护技术。