摘 要

自2009年有机-无机杂合材料材料应用于太阳能电池以来，短时间内电池效率迅速由3.8%提高到20%，展现出迅猛的发展趋势^[1]。目前研究应用最广泛的CH₃NH₃PbI₃三维类钙钛矿材料是一种由有机组元和无机组元结合、具有钙钛矿结构的均相杂合材料，它既有无机材料的半导性，也具有有机材料的易成膜性。得益于CH₃NH₃PbI₃优异的光学、电学和成膜性能，近年来该材料便成为太阳能电池中非常有前景的光吸收材料。然而有关钙钛矿太阳能电池最高光电转换效率的研究报道不断呈现的同时关于钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的研究相对滞后，钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性问题已经成为制约钙钛矿太阳能电池发展的瓶颈^[3]。

二维层状类钙钛矿杂合物与三维钙钛矿相比，材料和组元的选择更加丰富。由于有机组元可采用含芳环胺或长碳链的脂肪胺，其热稳定性更好、成膜性更佳。本课题主要从(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体的制备、(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂薄膜的制备和CH₃NH₃PbI₃混合(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂薄膜为光吸收层的钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能探索三个方面展开工作。通过实验不同的粉体、薄膜、电池的制作方法，并对制得的粉体与薄膜进行测试分析，其中固相研磨法和萃取法适合粉体制作，两步法适用薄膜制作。最后通过测试制备的太阳能电池的转换效率，发现Pb(SCN)₂的掺入量在5wt%-10wt%之间时，制得的电池效率最高。

关键词：钙钛矿太阳能电池；(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂薄膜；(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体；

Preparation of (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂thin film and its application in perovskite solar cell

Abstract

Since the application of organic inorganic hybrid materials in solar cell in 2009, the efficiency of the battery has been increased from 3.8% to 20% in a short time, which shows a rapid development trend.Currently,the most widely used in material in the research of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ three-dimensional perovskite materials is a mixed composite materials made by organic and inorganic components combined with perovskite structure. It has inorganic materials semi conductivity, and easy to film which is the property of organic materials.The band gap width of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is 1.55eV, it has a good absorbency of visible light. It is perfect in crystallinity, which is in favor of an electronic transmission, and it has a good film-forming effect at low temperature.Due to the excellent optical, electrical and film properties of CH₃NH₃PbI₃, this material has become the most promising light absorbing material in solar cells in recent years.However, as the perovskite solar cells the highest photoelectric transformation efficiency studies continue to show,which,at the same time the research of the stability of the perovskite solar cells is relatively lag, solar cell perovskite stability problem has become the bottleneck of perovskite in the development of solar cells.

Compared with three dimensional perovskite, two dimensional layered perovskite compounds are more abundant in materials and components.Due to the organic components can be used with aromatic amine or long carbon chain fatty amine, its thermal stability is better, the film is better.This topic is mainly from (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂ powder preparation, (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂ film preparation and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ mixed with (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂ thin film for the optical absorption layer of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells to explore the performance of three aspects of work.Through the experiment of different powder, thin film, battery manufacturing methods, and the preparation of the powder and thin films were tested and analyzed,solid state grinding and extraction are suitable for the production of powder,Two step application of film production.Finally, by observing the conversion efficiency of solar cells, The incorporation of Pb(SCN)₂ between 5wt% to 10wt% is the most efficient.

Key words:Perovskite solar cell,(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂ film,(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂ powder;

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 层状类钙钛矿有机-无机杂合物的晶体结构 1

1.2 类钙钛矿有机-无机杂合材料的成膜工艺 2

1.3 有机-无机钙钛矿型太阳能电池的结构及工作机理 3

1.3.1 平面异质结薄膜结构有机-无机钙钛矿型太阳能电池结构 3

1.3.2 有机-无机钙钛矿型太阳能电池工作机理 4

1.4 有机-无机钙钛矿型太阳能电池钙钛矿层国内外研究现状 5

1.5 本论文选题思路及主要研究内容 6

第2章 实验部分 7

2.1 实验试剂与设备 7

2.2 (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体的制备 8

2.2.1 液相法制备(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体 9

2.2.2 固相研磨法制备(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体 9

2.2.3 萃取法制备(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体 9

2.3 (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂薄膜的制备 9

2.3.1 FTO玻璃基片的清洗处理以及TiO₂致密层的制备 9

2.2.2(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂薄膜的制备 11

2.4 CH₃NH₃PbI₃混合(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备 12

2.3.1 FTO玻璃基片的清洗处理以及TiO₂致密层的制备 12

2.3.2 类钙钛矿光吸收层的制备 12

2.3.3 空穴传输层与Au电极的制备 13

2.3.4 钙钛矿太阳能电池I-V特性测试 13

第3章 结果与分析 14

3.1 (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂粉体XRD分析 14

3.2 (CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂薄膜分析 16

3.3 CH₃NH₃PbI₃混合(CH₃NH₃)₂Pb(SCN)₂I₂基钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能分析 19

第4章 结论 20