论文总字数：23682字

摘 要

以优化电阻对焊410马氏体不锈钢焊接工艺为目的，使用马氏体不锈钢片状试样为研究材料，明确电阻对焊相关参数，通过一般焊接工艺流程对易产生的焊接缺陷进行分析，采取有效优化工艺措施消除焊接接头缺陷，对工艺优化前后焊接接头进行显微组织等特征对比分析，比较优化前后接头质量差异，实现对焊接优化工艺的评估。优化前后接头质量的分析主要通过拉伸强度试验、显微硬度测试、扫描电镜观察断口形貌、金相制备及检测分析显微组织等方法，综合全面地分析影响焊接接头质量的因素。

论文主要研究了采取一般电阻对焊工艺对马氏体不锈钢电阻对焊后易产生的缺陷进行分析，明确焊接接头处缺陷的类型及产生的原因，采用有效优化工艺措施消除缺陷，通过对比优化前后接头显微组织等方面的分析，明确优化工艺的有效性。

研究结果表明：焊接冷裂纹及热影响区的脆化是按照通常焊接工艺流程后在焊接接头处产生的主要缺陷，是影响焊接接头质量的重要组织原因，通过焊前预热和焊后缓冷及焊后回火处理等相关优化工艺可有效消除焊接缺陷，提高接头质量。

本文的特色：对一般不锈钢电阻对焊工艺进行优化，避免了缺陷的发生，显著提高焊接质量，通过接头优化前后质量影响因素综合分析，证明优化工艺的有效性。

关键词：电阻对焊；马氏体不锈钢；接头质量；缺陷分析；工艺优化

Abstract

For the purpose of optimizing the welding process of resistance butt welding martensitic stainless steel, using martensitic stainless steel sheet sample as the research material, clarify the relevant parameters of resistance butt welding, and analyze the welding defects that are prone to occur in the usual welding process flow optimize the process measures to eliminate the defects of the welded joint, compare characteristics about the welded joint before and after the process optimization, compare quality difference about joint before and after the optimization, and evaluate the welding optimization process. The analysis of joint quality before and after optimization is mainly through tensile strength test, micro hardness test, scanning electron microscope observation of fracture morphology, metallographic preparation and microstructure analysis, etc.

The research results show that the welding cold cracks and the embrittlement of the heat-affected zone are the main defects in the welded joints after the usual welding process, and are an important factor affecting the welding quality. The pre-weld preheating and post-tempering related processes can be effective eliminate the effects of defects and improve welding quality.

The characteristics of this article: optimize the usual stainless steel resistance butt welding process to avoid the occurrence of defects and significantly improve the welding quality.

Key Words：resistance butt welding；martensitic stainless steel；joint quality；defect analysis；process optimization

目录

第1章 绪论......................................................................................................................1

1.1 研究背景及意义...................................................................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状...................................................................................................1

1.3 研究内容及研究方法...........................................................................................1

第2章 实验材料、设备及方法.......................................................................................3

2.1 马氏体不锈钢试样...............................................................................................3

2.2 设备.......................................................................................................................3

2.2.1焊接设备.......................................................................................................3

2.2.2实验设备.......................................................................................................4

2.3 焊接工艺流程.......................................................................................................4

2.4焊接参数选择........................................................................................................5

2.5 焊后回火热处理工艺...........................................................................................5

2.6试样制备、观察及测试........................................................................................5

第3章 实验结果及分析..................................................................................................7

3.1 焊接过程缺陷分析...............................................................................................7

3.1.1 焊接电流不稳定..........................................................................................7

3.1.2 焊件电极夹具部位烧损..............................................................................7

3.1.3 焊缝毛刺不均匀..........................................................................................8

3.1.4 拉拔横向裂纹..............................................................................................8

3.2 焊接接头缺陷分析...............................................................................................8

3.2.1 焊接冷裂纹..................................................................................................8

3.2.2 焊接热影响区脆化......................................................................................9

3.3 工艺优化措施............... .....................................................................................10

3.4 接头质量分析比较.............................................................................................10

3.4.1 显微组织....................................................................................................10

3.4.2 断口形貌....................................................................................................12

3.4.3 显微硬度....................................................................................................13

3.4.4 拉伸强度....................................................................................................14

3.4.5 冲击性能....................................................................................................14

3.4.6 弯曲性能....................................................................................................14

3.4.7 腐蚀性能....................................................................................................15

第4章 结论....................................................................................................................17

参考文献..........................................................................................................................18

致谢..................................................................................................................................29

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