论文总字数：20018字

摘 要

随着现代重工业与农业的迅猛发展，水资源对我国的经济与社会的发展有着越来越重要的地位，农业与工业排放的污染物对供水的安全有着一定程度的威胁，而且我国大部分的工业制造业与生产行业都过度依赖地表水，导致地表水水源被严重污染，供水安全问题也逐渐成为了人们所关注的问题。由于地球上具有丰富的海水，因此海水淡化便成为了弥补淡水匮乏缺口的可行之策，所谓海水淡化也成为“海水脱盐”，就是将溶解的盐离子从盐水中分离出来，进而对海水进行淡化产生淡水。

基于法拉第反应的海水淡化技术是另一种淡化创新技术，基于法拉第电极材料优异的功率特性，这种海水淡化技术通过充放电，使钠和氯离子连续的存储和释放，其可在最小的能量输入下实现淡化，已被认为是一项高效淡化技术。因此本课题将设计新型储氯 Bi 电极，通过将纳米金属 Bi 与柔性导电载体复合，以缓冲 Bi/BiOCl 相变过程中的应力，并提高储氯电极的电导性。在获得优异储氯性能的 Bi 电极的基础上，寻找与之匹配的储钠电极，组装海水淡化电池，进而为装置的工业应用方法提供指导。

关键词：海水淡化 铋基材料 储氯电极

ABSTRACT

Modern heavy industry and agriculture is developing, and water resources play an important role in the economic and social development of our country. The pollutants discharged by agriculture and industry have a certain degree of threat to the safety of water supply. Moreover, most of China's industrial manufacturing and production industries are excessively dependent on surface water, which leads to serious pollution of surface water sources, and the safety of water supply is also one by one Gradually become a concern for people. Because of the abundant sea water on the earth, desalination has become a feasible strategy to make up for the shortage of fresh water. The so-called desalination is also called "desalination of sea water", which is to separate the dissolved salt ions from the salt water and generate fresh water for desalination of sea water.

The seawater desalination technology based on Faraday reaction is another innovative desalination technology. Its working principle is to store sodium ion and chloride ion in corresponding electrode materials through electrochemical reaction. Based on the excellent power characteristics of Faraday electrode materials, this desalination technology can continuously store and release sodium and chloride ions through charging and discharging, and it can realize desalination with the minimum energy input, which has been considered as an efficient desalination technology. Therefore, this project will design a new type of chloride storage Bi electrode, which can buffer the stress during Bi / BiOCl phase transformation and improve the conductivity of the electrode by compounding the nano metal Bi with the flexible conductive carrier. On the basis of obtaining the Bi electrode with excellent chlorine storage performance, the matching sodium storage electrode is found, and the desalination battery is assembled, thus providing guidance for the industrial application of the device.

Keywords: seawater desalination bismuth based materials chlorine storage electrode

目录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 研究现状 2

1.2.1 海水淡化技术的研究现状 2

1.2.2 铋基材料的研究现状 5

1.2.3 电化学性能的研究现状 6

1.3 研究内容及意义 7

第二章 铋基作为储氯材料的研究 8

2.1 Bi作为C1储存电极的研究 8

2.2 海水淡化电池设计的研究 9

第三章 实验部分 11

3.1 材料与制备 11

3.2 材料表征测试 13

3.3 电化学性能测试 14

第四章 问题及解决方案 16

4.1 Bi/BiOC1电极的问题 16

4.2 解决方案 16

参考文献 18

致谢 21

第一章 文献综述

1.1 引言

水作为人们每日的必需品，被誉为生命之源，同时水资源也是社会经济发展中不可替代的资源。我们所生活的地球，虽然有三分之二都被水包裹着，但是供人类使用的水资源仅仅有3%，这对于在地球生活的我们来说是远远不够的，除了3%的淡水资源外，剩下的97%的储水量为咸水与海水，并且在这些淡水中有超过一半的储水量是我们无法利用的冰川与冰雪，因此水资源对整个地球来说是非常稀缺和珍贵的。从刚刚的数据中可以看出，地球上水资源匮乏的问题是如此严峻，供人类可使用的淡水资源少之又少，而且大部分的淡水为非再生的枯竭性地下水，水资源的匮乏与枯竭问题成为制约社会经济长久发展的主要问题之一 。

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