论文总字数：27409字

摘 要

由于化石燃料的大量使用，人类面临着全球变暖、环境恶化、能源危机等问题。我们不得不迫切寻找一种新型的能源来改变现有的能源结构，如太阳能、风能、核能等。但同时，能源的存储问题也是我们必须解决的。目前已经得到广泛应用的锂离子电池的发展已经到达了瓶颈，而锂空气电池作为一种新型的储能装置，具有极高的理论能量密度（3500 Wh kg^-1）。但要将锂空气电池真正应用于实际生产，我们还需要解决其存在的许多问题，如缓慢的动力学过程导致的较高的过电位，实际放电容量较低，循环稳定性较差等。因此，我们需要设计一种高比表面积的多孔阴极催化剂，从而为氧化还原反应提供更多的活性位点，促进过氧化锂的产生与分解，进而降低过电位，提高循环稳定性。本论文设计了一种简单的电沉积法合成的自支撑三维的层片状NiCo₂O₄@碳布催化剂材料，加入表面活性剂乙二醇改善其表面形貌，预计与不用乙二醇作为表面活性剂的电池相比，电池性能将会有较大提升。电沉积法的使用，可以降低NiCo₂O₄与集流体碳布之间的接触电阻，提高导电率。同时也尝试了掺入少量的Mn离子来改变催化剂材料的电子结构，增加不饱和位点数量，从而增加催化剂表面活性位点，提升催化活性和催化稳定性。

关键词：锂空气电池 钴酸镍 电沉积法 阴极催化剂

Electrodeposition Preparation of NiCo₂O₄ and its Application in the Li-O₂ Battery

ABSTRACT

Due to the large use of fossil fuels, human beings are faced with global warming, environmental degradation, energy crisis and other problems. We have to urgently look for a new type of energy to change the existing energy structure, such as solar, wind, nuclear and so on. But at the same time, the storage problem of energy is also what we must solve. At present, the development of lithium ion batteries, which have been widely used, has reached the bottleneck, while Li-O₂ batteries, a new type of energy storage device, have extremely high theoretical energy density (3500 Wh kg^-1). However，in order to achieve the practical application of Li-O₂ batteries, we also need to solve many of their existing problems, such as the higher overpotential caused by the slow kinetic process, the lower actual discharge capacity and the poor cycling stability. Therefore, we need to design a porous cathode catalyst with high specific surface area, which can provide more active sites for redox reactions and promote the production and decomposition of Li₂O₂, thus reducing overpotential and improving cycle stability. A self-supporting three-dimensional layered NiCo₂O₄@CC catalyst material synthesized by a simple electrodeposition method was designed in this paper. The addition of surfactant ethylene glycol to improve its surface morphology is expected to greatly improve the performance of the battery compared with the battery without ethylene glycol as a surfactant. The use of the electrodeposition method can reduce the contact resistance between the NiCo₂O₄ and the collector carbon cloth and improve the conductivity. At the same time, we also try to incorporate a small amount of Mn ions to change the electronic structure of the catalyst materials and increase the unsaturated sites，in order that increase the surface active sites and enhance the catalytic activity and catalytic stability.

KEYWORDS: Li-O₂ battery; NiCo₂O₄; Electrodeposition Method ; Cathode catalyst

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 锂空气电池简介 1

1.2 锂空气电池的优势 4

1.3 锂空气电池发展中存在的问题 4

1.4 锂空气电池阴极催化剂的选择 6

1.5 NiCo₂O₄作为阴极材料在锂空气电池中的应用 8

1.6 电沉积原理 11

1.7 元素掺杂 11

1.8 研究的目的及主要内容 12

第二章 实验方案 13

2.1 实验药品与实验仪器 13

2.1.1 实验药品 13

2.1.2 实验仪器 14

2.2 自支撑钴酸镍@碳布集流体的制备 15

2.3 锂空气电池的组装 15

2.4 材料的表征手段 15

2.4.1 X射线衍射 16

2.4.2 扫描电子显微镜 16

2.4.3 透射电子显微镜 16

2.5 电化学性能测试 16

第三章 分析方案 17

3.1 材料的物理性能表征 17

3.2 材料的电化学性能表征 19

第四章 结论与展望 20

4.1 结论 20

4.2 展望 20

参考文献 21

致谢 25

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