论文总字数：33749字

摘 要

电磁污染问题严重，迫使人们开发高性能的微波吸收和电磁屏蔽材料，而MXene正是凭借其卓越导电性和独特结构等性质，使其在解决电磁污染问题上具有良好前景，从而受到广泛关注。本文以Ti₃C₂T_x(MXene)为基体开展制备高性能的微波吸收和电磁屏蔽材料。

本文采用LiF-HCl溶液腐蚀Ti₃AlC₂制备Ti₃C₂T_x MXene，研究剥离方式对Ti₃C₂T_x纳米片的影响；采用共沉淀法制备出Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x磁性复合材料，对其吸波性能展开研究；通过絮凝、抽滤及冷冻干燥方式制备不同孔隙的Ti₃C₂T_x薄膜，分析其结构与电磁屏蔽性能。

实验结果表明：手摇剥离利于制备大尺寸的Ti₃C₂T_x纳米片，平均尺寸达2. 53μm；引入Fe₃O₄磁性材料确实能改善材料吸波性能，但不同Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x比例下的复合材料其微波吸收性能力相当，当Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x质量比为1:2时其吸波能力稍好，其最小反射损耗峰值-23.1dB,有效吸收带宽1.8GHz（5mm、13.4GHz）；多孔结构有效改善Ti₃C₂T_x薄膜电磁屏蔽性能，且“微孔”Ti₃C₂T_x薄膜电磁屏蔽性能最好，电磁屏蔽效能达到70dB，绝对效能37000 dB cm² g^-1。

关键词：微波吸收 电磁屏蔽 MXene 共沉淀法 薄膜

Preparation and properties of Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) based absorbing and electromagnetic shielding materials

Abstract

Electromagnetic pollution is a serious problem that forces people to develop high-performance microwave absorption and electromagnetic shielding materials. MXene is well-received because of its excellent conductivity and unique structure, which has a good prospect in solving electromagnetic pollution problems.

In this paper, high-performance microwave absorption and electromagnetic shielding materials are obtained based on Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) which was obtained by etching Ti₃AlC₂ with LiF-HCl solution. The effect of stripping method on Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets was studied. Fe₃O₄/ Ti₃C₂T_x magnetic composites were obtained by coprecipitation and we study on its microwave absorption performance., and freezing were studied. Ti₃C₂T_x films with different pores were obtained by flocculation, filtration and freeze drying, and then we study their structures and abilities of electromagnetic shielding.

The experimental results show that the hand-peeling is beneficial to the preparation of large-sized Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets with an average size of 2.53μm. The introduction of Fe₃O₄ magnetic materials can improve the absorbing properties of materials, but the microwave absorptive capacity of composites with different Fe₃O₄/ Ti₃C₂T_x ratios. Quite, when the mass ratio of Fe₃O₄/ Ti₃C₂T_x is 1:2, its absorbing ability is slightly better, its minimum reflection loss peak is -23.1dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 1.8GHz (5mm, 13.4GHz). The porous structure could improve the electromagnetic shielding ability of Ti₃C₂T_x film. The microporous Ti₃C₂T_x film has the best electromagnetic shielding performance, the electromagnetic shielding performance reaches 70 dB, and the absolute performance is 37000 dB cm² g^-1.

Key Words: Microwave absorption; electromagnetic shielding; MXene; coprecipitation method ; film

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2二维材料MXene 2

1.2.1 MXene的结构 2

1.2.2 MXene的制备 2

1.2.3 MXene的性能 4

1.2.4 MXene的应用 5

1.3吸波材料概述 6

1.3.1吸波材料的定义以及原理 6

1.3.2吸波材料的种类 6

1.3.3吸波材料的发展趋势 7

1.3.4 MXene吸波材料研究现状 7

1.4电磁屏蔽材料概述 8

1.4.1电磁屏蔽材料的定义以及原理 8

1.4.2电磁屏蔽材料的种类 9

1.4.3电磁屏蔽材料的发展趋势 9

1.4.4 MXene电磁屏蔽材料研究现状 9

1.5课题提出和课题内容 10

第二章 实验 11

2.1 实验原料与设备 11

2.1.1 实验原料 11

2.1.2 实验仪器设备 11

2.2 实验过程 13

2.2.1 技术路线 13

2.2.2 Ti₃AlC₂的合成 13

2.2.3 Ti₃C₂T_x MXene的制备 13

2.2.4 Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x的制备 14

2.2.5电磁参数测试样品的制备 14

2.2.6多孔Ti₃C₂T_x薄膜的制备 14

2.2 材料表征与性能测试 14

2.2.1X射线衍射分析 14

2.2.2扫描电子显微镜分析 14

2.2.3透射电子显微镜分析 15

2.2.4原子力显微镜分析 15

2.2.5比表面积分析 15

2.2.6电导率测试 15

2.2.7电磁参数测试 15

2.2.8 S参数测试 15

第三章 结果与讨论 16

3.1 Ti₃C₂T_x MXene的制备与表征 16

3.1.1 Ti₃AlC₂ MAX的物相形貌 16

3.1.2 Ti₃AlC₂、多层及单层Ti₃C₂T_x的表征 16

3.1.3 剥离方法对制备的Ti₃C₂T_x MXene的影响 18

3.2 Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x的制备表征及吸波性能研究 20

3.2.1 Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x的制备 20

3.2.2 Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x的表征 21

3.2.3 Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x吸波性能 24

3.3 Ti₃C₂T_x多孔薄膜的制备表征及电磁屏蔽性能研究 27

3.3.1Ti₃C₂T_x多孔薄膜的制备 27

3.3.2Ti₃C₂T_x多孔薄膜的表征 28

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