论文总字数：24276字

摘 要

化石燃料的不断燃烧不仅给环境带来了严重的污染，造成的能源短缺问题更是迫在眉睫。太阳能作为一种清洁能源，具有总量大、无污染等优点。光伏材料也因为能有效利用太阳能而成为研究的热点。目前，人们对太阳能电池的研究主要集中在无机太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池和有机太阳能电池。其中，硅太阳能电池发展相对完善，但仍然存在着制备困难、成本高等显著缺点。与之相比，有机太阳能电池因为具有质量轻、可柔性化制备、生产工艺较简单和制备过程能耗较低等优点，在太阳能电池研究领域备受人们关注。而基于苯并三氮唑体系的聚合物太阳能电池材料在近年发展迅速，能量转换效率不断提升，成为了大家关注的焦点。本论文主要研究并合成了苯并三氮唑稠环芳烃类单体，并对其基本性能进行表征。通过循环伏安曲线确定材料的HOMO能级与理论计算结果基本相符，紫外-可见吸收光谱则说明了材料在320-380 nm范围内有较强的吸收。后续将以二溴代单体与各种有机共轭基团取代的锡试剂进行Stille偶联聚合，制备窄带系、宽光谱吸收的聚合物太阳能电池给体材料。

关键词：苯并三氮唑 聚合物太阳能电池 给体 稠环芳烃

Synthesis and Characterization of Benzotriazole Fused Ring Aromatic Hydrocarbons Photovoltaic Materials

Abstract

The continuous burning of fossil fuels not only brings large pollution to environment, but also causes the urgent energy shortage problem. Photovoltaic materials are widely concerned because solar energy is a clean energy with the advantages of large amount and no pollution. At present, the research on solar cells is mainly focused on inorganic solar cells, perovskite solar cells and polymer solar cells. Among them, silicon solar cells are relatively mature, but there are still shortcomings such as high production cost and complex production process, which limit its further development. Organic solar cells have many superiorities such as light weight, flexible preparation and low energy consumption, so they have caused much concern in this field. Organic solar cell materials based on benzotriazole system have developed rapidly and energy conversion efficiency has been continuously improved, which has become the focus of attention. This paper will synthesize the compounds based on benzotriazole fused aromatic hydrocarbons, and its basic properties is characterized. The HOMO energy levels measured by cyclic voltammetry are basically consistent with theoretical calculation, and the UV-Visible absorption spectrum indicates that materials have a strong absorption in the range of 320-380 nm. Subsequently, Stille coupling polymerization of dibromo-substituted monomers and organotin reagents substituted by various conjugated groups will be conducted to get a polymer solar cell donor material with narrow band and broad absorption spectrum.

Key words: Benzotriazole; polymer solar cells; donor; fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 有机太阳能电池的发展历史 1

1.3 有机太阳能电池的基本原理 2

1.3.1 有机太阳能电池结构 2

1.3.2 光电转化原理 3

1.3.3 有机太阳能电池的性能参数 3

1.4 聚合物给体材料 4

1.5 论文思路 11

第二章 苯并三氮唑稠环芳烃的合成与表征 13

2.1 材料的表征与设备 13

2.2 实验药品 13

2.3 实验步骤 14

2.3.1 烷基链的取代反应 14

2.3.2 溴代反应 14

2.3.3 硝化反应 15

2.3.4 Stille反应 15

2.3.5 关环反应 16

2.3.6 烷基链取代反应 16

2.3.7 溴代反应 18

2.4 结果与讨论 18

2.4.1理论计算结果 18

2.4.2电化学测试结果分析 19

2.4.3 产物的光物理性质 19

第三章 结论与展望 21

参考文献 23

附录 29

致谢 35

第一章 绪论

1.1 引言

经济的发展总是伴随着化石燃料的大量消耗，同时带来严重的环境问题。人类正迫切需要对能源消费结构进行优化。而太阳能作为一种清洁能源，具有总量巨大、绿色环保等优势，太阳能电池也因此成为了大家关注的焦点。目前，无机太阳能电池已经走进我们的生活，但仍然存在着生产成本高、难以柔性制备等问题。而有机太阳能电池则具有一些无机材料所不具备的优势：一是有机材料生产成本更低、便于大面积生产;二是有机太阳能电池质量轻，可制备成柔性器件。这使得有机太阳能电池具有一个广阔的发展前景^[1]。

1.2 有机太阳能电池的发展历史

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