论文总字数：22729字

摘 要

聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂性能优越，价格低廉，是一种应用十分广泛的工程塑料。但由于其易燃、燃烧时发烟量大、易对人员生命财产造成危害等缺点，限制了它的使用。为了拓宽其使用范围，因此选择二氧化钛（TiO₂）来改善它的阻燃性能，同时选用两种不同抑烟剂二茂铁（Fc）和三氧化钼（MoO₃）来改善PVC/TiO₂共混体系的抑烟性能。

先前的研究表明，TiO₂与PVC共混具有一定的阻燃抑烟功效，但效果一般。因此，首先研究PVC/TiO₂共混的最佳配比，再与两种不同抑烟剂二茂铁（Fc）和三氧化钼（MoO₃）共混，探究其抑烟性能。

本实验首先研究不同份数TiO₂对PVC/TiO₂体系阻燃性能的影响，选择合适的TiO₂添加量，再将不同份数二茂铁、三氧化钼与之复配，考察PVC/TiO₂/抑烟剂复配体系的抑烟性能。通过熔融共混的方式制备PVC/TiO₂共混体系和PVC/TiO₂/抑烟剂共混体系片材，测试其力学性能（包括拉伸性能、弯曲性能和常温冲击性能），借助现代表征方法如极限氧指数测定仪、阻燃等级分析、热重分析仪和建材烟密度测试仪等研究共混物的阻燃、热稳定和抑烟等性能。

实验表明，PVC/TiO₂最佳配比为TiO₂加入量为10 phr时。与两种不同抑烟剂共混后，当Fc用量为1 phr时抑烟效果最好，最大烟密度（Dm）降幅达到8 %，烟密度等级（SDR）由71.01下降到58.74。MoO₃用量为3 phr时，效果最好，最大烟密度由原来的98.65下降到88.18，下降了近11 %。而烟密度等级由原来的71.01，下降到59.15，降幅达到17 %，两种抑烟剂效果均十分显著，但三氧化钼抑烟效果更佳。

关键词： PVC TiO₂ 阻燃 抑烟

Study on Flame Retardancy of PVC/TiO₂ Blend system

Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin superior performance and low price, is a engineering plastics with wide application.Because of it’s flammable, burning smoke when the amount of people prone to harm to life and property and other shortcomings, which limits it’s use.In order to broaden it’s scope of use, TiO₂ was chosen to improve it’s flame retardancy, and two different smoke suppressants ferrocene (Fc) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) were used to improve the smoke suppression performance of the blends.

Previous studies have shown that TiO₂ and PVC blends have a certain flame retardant and smoke suppression effect, but the effect is general. Therefore, we want to find the best ratio of PVC/TiO₂ blending, and then with two different smoke suppressants ferrocene (Fc) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) blends, to explore its smoke suppression performance.

In this experiment, the effects of different parts of TiO₂ on the flame retardancy of PVC/TiO₂ system were studied. The appropriate TiO₂ components were selected and then mixed with different parts of ferrocene and MoO₃. The effects of PVC/TiO₂/smoke suppression performance of the system. The mechanical properties (including tensile properties, bending properties and room temperature impact properties) were prepared by melt blending. The mechanical properties (including tensile properties, bending properties and room temperature impact properties) were tested by means of PVC/TiO₂ blends and PVC/TiO₂/smoke suppressant blends and building materials smoke density tester to study the flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke suppression performance of the blends system.

The experimental results show that the optimum ratio of PVC/TiO₂ is 10 phr. The results showed that the maximum smoke density decreased by nearly 8% and the smoke density decreased from 71.01 to 58.74 when the amount of Fc was 1 phr.When the dosage of MoO₃ is 3 phr,it has the best effect that the maximum smoke density from the original 98.65 down to 88.18, down nearly 11 %.The smoke density level from the original 71.01, down to 59.15, a decline of 17 %, their smoke suppression effect are both remarkable, but MoO₃ is better.

Keywords: PVC TiO₂ Flame retardant smoke suppression

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 前言 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 国内外进展 2

1.3 本课题工作 3

第二章 理论部分 4

2.1 PVC树脂简介 4

2.2 PVC树脂阻燃性能研究 4

2.2.1 有机阻燃剂 4

2.2.2 金属化合物阻燃剂 5

2.2.3 含硼阻燃剂 6

2.2.4 含磷阻燃剂 6

2.3 PVC树脂抑烟性能研究 7

2.3.1 钼系抑烟剂 7

2.3.2 铁系抑烟剂 7

第三章 实验部分 8

3.1 实验原料： 8

3.2 实验仪器与设备 8

3.3 实验配方 8

3.4 样品制备 9

3.5 测试与表征 9

3.5.1 力学性能测试 9

3.5.2 极限氧指数测定 10

3.5.3 阻燃等级测试 10

3.5.4 热重分析 10

3.5.5 建材烟密度测试 10

第四章 结果与讨论 11

4.1 不同份数TiO₂对PVC/TiO₂共混体系性能的影响 11

4.2 MoO₃和Fc对PVC/TiO₂共混体系（100/10）阻燃抑烟性能影响 14

第五章 结论 20

参考文献 22

致谢 24

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