论文总字数：17923字

摘 要

加入阻燃剂的硅橡胶材料具有良好的阻燃和防火性能，可应用于电缆等领域。在高温或是火焰烧蚀下，这种材料可形成坚硬的陶瓷保护层，并通过各自的阻燃机理，起到隔绝火焰以及维持一定强度的作用。与含卤硅橡胶耐火材料相比，这种新型耐火材料所添加的是无卤阻燃剂，因此在高温下释放出的有害气体会大大减少。本文研究以可瓷化硅橡胶为基体，分别以氢氧化镁、硼酸锌和聚磷酸铵三种阻燃剂为填料，经过混炼以及压片得到样品，并测量其力学性能(拉伸强度、断裂伸长率)、电学性能(体电阻、表面电阻)、硫化性能、燃烧性能(极限氧指数、UL-94等级、热释放速率、CO释放量等)和瓷化性能(烧失率、气孔率和吸水率)。在分析其阻燃机理及阻燃剂固有属性后，对上述性能提供一定的解释。

关键字：阻燃剂；可瓷化硅橡胶；阻燃机理

Study on the application of different fire retardants in ceramic silicone rubber

Abstract

The addition of flame retardant porcelain rubber have good flame retardant and fire resistance, can be applied to the field of cable and so on. In high temperature or flame ablation, the material can form a hard ceramic protective layer, and through their own flame retardant mechanism, play a flame and maintain a certain strength of the role. Compared with the halogen-containing silicone rubber refractory, this new type of refractory is added halogen-free flame retardant, so the release of harmful gases at high temperatures will be greatly reduced. In this paper, the samples were prepared by kneading and pressing with three kinds of flame retardants, such as magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate and ammonium polyphosphate, and the mechanical properties (tensile strength,Elongation at break), electrical performance (body resistance, surface resistance), vulcanization performance,combustion performance (limit oxygen index, UL-94 grade, heat release rate, CO release, etc.) and porcelain properties (burnout rate, porosity and water absorption). After analyzing the flame retardant mechanism and the inherent properties of the flame retardant, the above performance can be explained to a certain degree.

Key words: flame retardant; porcelain silicone rubber; flame retardant mechanism

目 录

摘 要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

目 录………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ

第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………….…1

1.1 引言………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

1.2 可瓷化硅橡胶耐火材料的产生背景和研究进展…………………………………….1

1.2.1可瓷化硅橡胶…………………………………………………………………………………..1

1.2.2成瓷填料…………………………………………………………………………………………..2

1.2.3填料型阻燃剂……………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.4化学阻燃剂……………………………………………………………………………………….3

1.2.5膨胀型阻燃剂……………………………………………………………………………………4

1.2.6铂类阻燃剂……………………………………………………………………………………….5

1.3 三种阻燃剂的阻燃机理……………………………………………………………………………5

1.3.1硼酸锌的阻燃机理……………………………………………………………………………5

1.3.2聚磷酸铵的阻燃机理………………………………………………………………………..6

1.3.3氢氧化镁的阻燃机理……………………………………………………………………….6

1.4 本课题的研究意义和研究内容……………………………………………………………….7

1.5 本课题的创新之处…………………………………………………………………………………..7

第二章 实验部分………………………………………………………………………………………..8

2.1 实验原料与仪器设备………………………………………………………………………………..8

2.2 样品制备……………………………………………………………………………………………………9

2.2.1配料………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

2.2.2辊压………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

2.2.3压片………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

2.3 工艺流程………………………………………………………………………………………………...10

2.4 性能测试…………………………………………………………………………………………………10

2.4.1燃烧性能测试…………………………………………………………………………………10

2.4.2瓷化性能测试…………………………………………………………………………………12

2.4.3力学性能测试…………………………………………………………………………………13

2.4.4电性能测试…………………………………………………………………………………….14

2.4.4硫化性能测试…………………………………………………………………………………14

第三章 结果与讨论…………………………………………………………………………………15

3.1不同阻燃剂与可瓷化硅橡胶混炼对燃烧性能的影响……………………………..15

3.1.1极限氧指数(LOI)测试……………………………………………………………………15

3.1.2 UL-94燃烧性能测试……………………………………………………………………..16

3.1.3锥形量热测试…………………………………………………………………………………16

3.2不同阻燃剂与可瓷化硅橡胶混炼对力学性能的影响……………………………..18

3.3不同阻燃剂与可瓷化硅橡胶混炼对瓷化性能的影响……………………………..19

3.4不同阻燃剂与可瓷化硅橡胶混炼对电性能的影响…………………………………23

3.5不同阻燃剂与可瓷化硅橡胶混炼对硫化性能的影响……………………………..24

第四章 结论与展望…………………………………………………………………………………25

4.1结论…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..25

4.2展望…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..25

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..26

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..28

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