摘 要

因环境与能源问题，现代社会要求发展新的能源。氢能以其优异的热值、环保和可持续性恰如其分地出现在人们眼前。氢能利用可以分为三个部分：氢的获取、氢的存储与运输和氢能的终端利用。其中氢的获取与氢能的终端利用已经得到了很好地解决，只剩下氢的存储与运输问题需要研究。在当前储氢的三种方式中，固态储氢具有极大优势；而在固态储氢中合金储氢是一个研发热点，镁基合金是这个热点中的一个重要组成部分。

镁基材料由于金属镁储量丰富、价格低廉、整个生产过程对环境污染小、储氢量高等特点，是一种非常具有应用前景的储氢材料。MgH₂的反应动力学和热力学性能不佳，不能满足实际应用的要求。对此，研发出了针对镁基储氢材料的改性方法种类繁多，可以大体归结为以下几类：催化、合金化、纳米化、复合化、表面改性以及非晶或亚稳态等特殊结构的制备。本文研究一种添加氧化镁球磨的改性方法，用于改善Mg₉₅Ni₅的放氢性能。该方法可以有效的改善Mg₉₅Ni₅在低温情况的放氢性能。

关键字：镁基储氢合金 高能球磨 氧化镁 催化

Effect of Magnesium Oxide on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg₉₅Ni₅

Abstract

There is demand of a development of new energy for the present earth because of a issues of environmental and energy. Now hydrogen energy appears in front of human with its excellent calorific value, environmental protection and sustainability. Utilization of hydrogen energy can be divided into three parts: the acquisition of hydrogen, the storage and transportation of hydrogen, and the terminal utilization of hydrogen energy. The issues of the acquisition of hydrogen and the terminal utilization of hydrogen energy have been well solved, expect the storage and transportation of hydrogen which should be studied. Solid-state hydrogen storage is the best way than the current other ways of hydrogen storage; in the solid-state hydrogen storage, alloy hydrogen storage is a hot spot for research and development, of which is magnesium-based alloy an important part.

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have a good future because of their abundant resources, low price, environmental friendliness and high hydrogen storage capacity. But the reaction kinetics and thermodynamic properties of MgH2 do not meet the requirements of practical applications. In this regard, a variety of modification methods for magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have been studied, which can be roughly classified into the following categories: catalysis, alloying, nanocry-stallization, composite, surface-modification, and amorphous or metastable. This paper studies a modification method, ball-milling with MgO, to improve the hydrogen-released performance of Mg₉₅Ni₅. This strategy can improve the capability of hydrogen release of Mg₉₅Ni₅ at low temperature effectively.

Keywords: magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, ball-milling, magnesium oxide, catalysis

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2储氢现状 2

1.3 固态储氢材料 3

1.3.1非金属储氢材料 3

1.3.2有机液体储氢 3

1.3.3金属储氢材料 3

1.3.4 合金吸氢性能改良 6

1.4 小结 7

第二章 实验部分 8

2.1 实验原料 8

2.2 实验方法与实验仪器 8

2.2.1 氢化燃烧合成 8

2.2.2 球磨加工 10

2.3 材料测试与表征 11

第三章 实验数据与实验分析 13

3.1 氢化燃烧合成样品的XRD分析 13

3.2 球磨时间对样品脱氢性能的影响 14

3.3 MgO添加量对样品脱氢性能的影响 15

3.4 MgO的添加对Mg₉₅Ni₅脱氢活化能的影响 16

3.5 样品脱氢性能测试 17

3.6 样品微观形貌表征 19

第四章 结论与展望 21

4.1结论 21

4.2展望 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 24

第一章 绪论

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