论文总字数：20896字

摘 要

半导体光催化技术近年来因其是一种有效的治理环境和开发新能源的手段而受到很大重视。氧化锌半导体是一种带隙较宽的材料。因其自由激子跃迁发光特性好，而成为一种常见的光催化材料。然而，氧化锌仍存对太阳光利用率低的问题。

本文采用水热法制备ZnO纳米材料，然后使用氙灯模拟太阳光光源，通过光沉积法制备出Ag修饰的ZnO光催化材料，以提高ZnO纳米材料的光催化效率。并设计出一种连续制备装置对光沉积贵金属的工艺过程进行了优化。通过XRD、TEM以及UV-Vis等测试手段，分析了不同条件下制备出的两组样品的形貌、化学组成以及光谱吸收能力，探索光催化性能受不同条件的影响。预测将得出如下实验结果：

光沉积方法制备出的沉积了Ag纳米晶体的ZnO光催化材料，能够显著提高ZnO的光催化能力；

选择甲基橙作为有机污染物来表征实验所制备样品的光催化性能。控制其它实验条件不变，比较不同的光沉积时间下，样品降解对有机污染物的降解率。预计得到结论：ZnO光催化材料对甲基橙的降解率随光沉积时间的增加而提高；

控制其它实验条件不变，比较不同浓度AgNO₃溶液修饰下，样品对甲基橙溶液的降解率。预计得到实验结果：ZnO光催化材料对甲基橙的降解率，随光沉积所用AgNO₃浓度的增加而先提高后减少。预计AgNO₃溶液浓度在0.004~0.010 mol/L之间时，光催化材料对甲基橙的降解率最高。

关键词：光催化 氧化锌 水热法 光沉积贵金属 光降解

Continuous preparation of precious metal deposition on the surface of ZnO

Abstract

In recent years, semiconductor photocatalyst technology, which is an effective means for environmental method and the development of new energy, has received attention. Zinc oxide is a semiconductor material which is wide. It is a general photocatalytic material due to its excellent exciton free transition emission characteristics. However, zinc oxide still has the problem of low solar utilization.

In this document, ZnO nanomaterials were prepared by a hydrothermal method, then a xenon lamp was used to simulate a sunlight source, and Ag-modified ZnO photocatalytic materials were used for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO nano materials. . It is prepared by the deposition method. A continuous preparation device was designed to optimize the precious metal photodeposition process. Through X-ray diffraction phase analysis, transmission electron microscopy analysis, UV-visible spectrophotometer and other test methods, two groups of samples prepared under different conditions were subjected to morphological analysis, chemical composition. Analysis and spectroscopic absorption capacity analyzes were performed to investigate their exposure dose. Effect of catalyst performance. The predictions give the following experimental results.

ZnO photocatalytic materials deposited with Ag nanocrystals prepared by the photodeposition method can greatly improve the photocatalytic capacity of ZnO.

Methyl orange was chosen as the organic contaminant that characterizes the photocatalytic performance of the experimentally prepared samples. Control other experimental conditions without change and compare the degradation rate of organic pollutants at different times of exposure to light. The rate of degradation of methyl orange by the ZnO photocatalytic material is expected to enhance with increasing photodeposition time.

The other experimental conditions are monitored unchanged and various concentrations of AgNO₃ solution are varied to compare the degradation rates of the methyl orange solution. Experimental results are expected. The degradation rate of the methyl orange ZnO photocatalytic material increases at the beginning, and then declines as the concentration of AgNO₃ used for photodeposition increases. When the concentration of the AgNO₃ solution is 0.004 to 0.010 mol/L, the photocatalytic material is expected to have the highest decomposition rate of methyl orange.

Key Words: Photocatalysis; Zinc Oxide; Hydrothermal Method; Photodeposition of Precious Metals; Photodegradation

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景及意义 1

1.2光催化原理 1

1.2.1 光催化的基本原理 1

1.2.2 影响光催化活性的因素 2

1.3 常见的光催化材料 4

1.3.1 TiO₂ 4

1.3.2 CdS 4

1.3.3 ZnO 4

1.4 ZnO的制备和改性方法 5

1.4.1 ZnO的制备 5

1.4.2 ZnO纳米材料的改性方法 5

1.5 论文选题依据及研究内容 6

1.5.1 选题依据 6

1.5.2 本文研究依据 7

第二章 实验方案 8

2.1 实验试剂与设备 8

2.1.1 主要实验试剂 8

2.1.2 主要实验设备 8

2.2 研究手段 9

2.2.1 水热法制备ZnO 9

2.2.2 Ag离子沉积的ZnO纳米粒子的制备 9

2.3 光催化性能测试 10

2.3.1 X射线衍射（XRD）物相分析 10

2.3.2 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析 10

2.3.3紫外-可见漫反射/吸收性能分析 10

2.4 光降解性能测试 10

2.5 不同条件下光催化剂的性能研究 11

2.5.1 不同的光沉积时间 11

2.5.2 不同的AgNO₃溶液浓度 11

第三章 实验预期与分析讨论 12

3.1 连续制备Ag/ZnO光催化材料 12

3.1.2 连续制备装置优势 12

3.2 结构表征与光催化性能预期 12

3.2.1不同光沉积时间下的光催化性能预测 12

3.2.2不同浓度AgNO₃溶液下光催化性能预测 13

第四章 实验结论预测 14

参考文献 15

致 谢 17

第一章 绪论

1.1 选题背景及意义

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