摘 要

我们的头发和我们的人体息息相关。走在街上，染的各色的头发映入眼帘。染发如今也成了时尚的标志之一，中老年人喜欢把自己的白发染黑，看着更年轻，更有活力。的确，良好的外形不光能让别人看着赏心悦目，也是为了给别人留下一个良好的第一印象。爱美之心人皆有之，所以开发一种天然的，无害的染发剂是非常实用的。

染发和我们的生活关系密切，而染发剂的危害已经威胁到我们的生活，所以开发一种天然无害的染发剂迫在眉睫。天然染料具有无毒无害 , 对皮肤无过敏性和致癌性, 有较好的生物降解性和环境相容性等的优点,希望通过开发海娜花染发剂，使人们远离化学染发剂的危害，倡导人们健康生活。

天然染料染色在合成染料高度发展的今天之所以又重新受到关注, 首先是因为天然染料中的动植物染料是从生物体中提取的、与环境相容性好, 可生物降解 ;其次是由于毒性较低, 并且生产这些染料的原料可以再生。相比之下 , 生产合成染料的原料是石油和煤炭 ,这些资源目前消耗很快 , 而且短时间之内不能再生。因此 , 开发天然染料对于保护自然资源和生态环境有着积极重要的意义。另一方面 ,天然植物染料染出的织物具有自然的香味,令合成染料望而却步 , 其染出的织物手感也十分丰满厚实 , 胜过了合成染料染出的产品。特别是茜草、靛蓝、郁金、红花等染出的织物 , 还具有防虫、杀菌的功效。很多植物染料作为中药, 其舒筋活血、祛病保健的功效为过敏体质的人群也带来了极大的福音。植物染料还有一个特点 , 就是染出的色彩极为丰富, 是合成染料所不能相比的。因为里面色素成分的不确定性 ,使得染出的植物具有自然、朴素、雅致的效果。

关键词：海娜花 天然染料 深色染发剂

Development of Dark Hair Dye Based on Haya Flower Extract

Abstract

Our hair is closely related to our body. Walking in the street, dyed colored hair greeted. Hair color has now become one of the signs of fashion, the elderly like to put their white hair black, watching the younger, more dynamic. Indeed, a good shape not only allow others to watch the feast for the eyes, but also to others to leave a good first impression. Beauty of the heart of all people, so the development of a natural, harmless hair dye is very practical.

Hair and our lives are closely related, and the dyed hair damage has threatened our lives, so the development of a natural harmless hair dye is imminent. Natural dyes are non-toxic and harmless, have no allergenic and carcinogenic effects on the skin, have good biodegradability and environmental compatibility, etc., hope that through the development of hair dye, so that people away from the chemical hair dye hazards , Advocate people healthy life.

Natural dye dyeing in the development of synthetic dyes today, the reason why the re-attention, first of all because the natural dyes in the animal and plant dyes are extracted from the organism, and environmental compatibility, biodegradable; followed by toxicity Lower, and the raw materials for producing these dyes can be regenerated. In contrast, the raw materials for the production of synthetic dyes are oil and coal, which are currently consumed very quickly and can not be regenerated for a short period of time. Therefore, the development of natural dyes for the protection of natural resources and ecological environment has a very important significance. On the other hand, the natural plant dyestuffs have a natural scent, and the synthetic dyes are discouraged. The dyed fabrics are also very plump and thicker than the synthetic dyes. Especially madder, indigo, turmeric, safflower and other dyed fabrics, but also has pest control, sterilization effect. Many plant dyes as a traditional Chinese medicine, its Shujinhuoxue, the effect of illness and health care for the allergies of the crowd also brought great gospel. Plant dyes also have a feature that is dyed color is extremely rich, synthetic dyes can not be compared. Because of the uncertainty of the pigment composition inside, making the infected plants have a natural, simple, elegant effect.

Key words：Hina flower Natural dyes Dark hair dye

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 天然染色剂概述………………………………………………………………1

1.2 染发的危害……………………………………………………………………1

1.3 天然染料的应用………………………………………………………………1

1.3.1 天然纤维染色……………………………………………………………2

1.3.2 新型功能性纺织品染色…………………………………………………2

1.3.3 其他领域中的应用………………………………………………………2

1.4 天然染料的来源………………………………………………………………2

1.5 天然染料的特点………………………………………………………………3

1.6 天然染料的水萃取方法………………………………………………………3

1.7 海娜色素的研究………………………………………………………………3

1.7.1 海娜色素的提取和测定…………………………………………………3

1.7.2 海娜色素的稳定性………………………………………………………4

1.7.3 羊毛织物染色的研究……………………………………………………4

1.8 研究内容和意义………………………………………………………………5

1.9 本实验的预期目标……………………………………………………………5

第二章 实验部分…………………………………………………………………6

2.1 实验原料………………………………………………………………………6

2.2 主要设备及仪器………………………………………………………………6

2.3 海娜花提取物的制备…………………………………………………………6

2.3.1 制备装置…………………………………………………………………6

2.3.2 实验现象…………………………………………………………………7

2.3.3 蒸馏………………………………………………………………………7

2.4 兔毛的染色……………………………………………………………………8

第三章 结果与讨论………………………………………………………………9

3.1 染色效果的观察与讨论………………………………………………………9

第四章 思考与拓展……………………………………………………………10

4.1 无机物添加剂的浓度…………………………………………………………10

4.2 二价铁还是三价铁……………………………………………………………10

4.3 有机物添加剂…………………………………………………………………10

4.4 实用性的讨论…………………………………………………………………10

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………11

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………14

第一章 绪论

1.1天然染色剂概述

在人类使用染料的历史中, 天然染料远远早于合成染料。从出土的文物可以推出大约早在公元前五千年以前 ,人类就开始使用天然染料染色了, 但是天然染料存在色牢度差、品种少等缺点。 19世纪60年代合成染料的出现 ,由于其具有色谱齐全、色泽鲜艳、耐洗、耐晒等诸多优点 , 逐渐代替了天然染料。近年来 ,由于人们环境意识的增加及对人类身体健康的重视, 人们开始对合成染料的广泛使用日益担忧。研究表明,合成染料可能引起某些人患皮肤病,而且有 100多种合成染料能产生致癌物质 ,合成染料以及中间体造成的废水污染问题更是令人担忧。由于天然染料无毒、无害、无污染, 具有较好的生物可降解性 , 与环境有较好的相容性。因此 , 用天然染料代替某些有毒或污染环境的合成染料, 是一种环境友好的染色方法。

1.2染发的危害