摘 要

储能技术是新能源产业革命的核心，电容器存储是一种常见且重要的储存能量的方式，电容器可以储存均匀的电场。介电材料是储能元件电容器的重要组成部分，其介电性能的好坏直接影响电容器的性能。另外如今微电子行业微型化、集成化和高性能的要求也极大地促进了电子元器件的发展。传统的介电材料中常见的有机高分子材料具有很高的柔韧性，易加工，介电损耗低的同时介电常数也很低。无机陶瓷材料则恰恰相反，其介电常数高的同时但是制备也非常繁琐，而且最重要的是，这种材料的介电损耗很高。因此，我们认识到单一的介电材料已难以满足今天的电子行业领域。在微型化要求的限制下，提高材料的介电常数成为提高电子元件性能的有效途径，而高性能介电材料具有良好的储能性能，在储能领域有着广阔的应用前景。研究具有高介电常数、低介电损耗和良好加工性的介电材料势在必行。聚合物复合材料因具有良好的介电性能，介电损耗低，且具有较好的加工性能而备受关注。目前研究的聚合基介电复合材料主要有三种：聚合物-陶瓷介电复合材料、聚合物-导电粒子介电复合材料和三相介电复合材料。

本论文以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）作为基体，多元醇法制备的银纳米线（AgNWs）作为填料，采用溶液共混法和流延法制备AgNWs/PVDF复合材料薄膜，并研究AgNWs/PVDF复合材料的介电性能，以及银纳米线（AgNWs）体积分数不同对复合材料介电性能的影响。

关键词：介电材料，聚偏氟乙烯，银纳米线，复合材料，介电性能

Abstract

Energy storage technology is the core of the new energy industry revolution, the capacitor is a very important energy storage materials, with a uniform charge of the electric field function. Dielectric material is an important part of the storage capacitor, its dielectric properties directly affect the performance of the capacitor. In addition, microelectronics industry now miniaturization, integration and high performance requirements also greatly contributed to the development of electronic components. The traditional dielectric materials include polymer materials and ceramic materials, the polymer material is flexible and has good workability, low dielectric loss, but also low dielectric constant; ceramic material has a high dielectric constant , But the preparation process is complex, dielectric loss is high. Therefore, a single dielectric material has been difficult to meet today's electronics industry. Under the limitation of miniaturization, it is an effective way to improve the dielectric constant of the material, and the high performance dielectric material has good energy storage performance, and it has a wide application prospect in the field of energy storage. It is imperative to study dielectric materials with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and good workability. The polymer composites have attracted much attention because of their good dielectric properties, low dielectric loss and good processing performance. At present, there are three kinds of polymer-based dielectric composites: polymer-ceramic dielectric composites, polymer-conductive particle dielectric composites and three-phase dielectric composites.

In this paper, AgNWs / PVDF composites were prepared by using silver nanowires (AgNWs) prepared by solvothermal method using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the matrix, and the dielectric properties of AgNWs / PVDF composites were studied. Effects of different volume fraction of AgNWs on dielectric properties of composites.

Keywords: dielectric materials, polyvinylidene fluoride, silver nanowires, composites, dielectric properties

目录

摘要................................................................................................................................I

Abstract........................................................................................................................II

第一章 绪论...................................................................................................................1

1.1 介电材料概述...................................................................................................2

1.1.1 介电材料的分类....................................................................................2

1.1.2 介电材料的表征参数............................................................................2

1.2 聚合基介电复合材料.......................................................................................3

1.2.1 高介电陶瓷-聚合物基介电复合材料....................................................4

1.2.2 导电粒子-聚合物基介电复合材料........................................................4

1.2.3 三相介电复合材料.................................................................................4

1.3 复合电介质材料的制备工艺............................................................................5

1.4 聚偏氟乙烯简介................................................................................................6

1.5 银纳米线简介....................................................................................................6

1.5.1 银纳米线的性质与应用.........................................................................7

1.5.2 利用溶液共混法制备银纳米线.............................................................8

1.5.3 利用流延法制备复合材料薄膜.............................................................8

1.6 本课题的目的和意义........................................................................................8

1.7 本课题的主要研究内容....................................................................................9

1. 银纳米线的制备.............................................................................................10

2.1 引言.................................................................................................................10

2.2 实验部分..........................................................................................................10

2.2.1 实验药品...............................................................................................10

2.2.2 实验仪器及设备...................................................................................11

2.2.3 实验过程...............................................................................................11

2.2.4 测试与表征...........................................................................................11

2.3 实验结果讨论..................................................................................................12