摘 要

为解决我国北方水资源的短缺，近些年来我国已兴建了一些大型调水工程。在大型调水工程运行期间，渡槽伸缩缝止水材料和渠道密封材料均会因为光、氧、热等因素发生老化，导致密封材料止水失效，从而影响调水工程的高效运行。本文的研究主要是为了提高密封止水材料的耐老化性能。通过实验室合成聚硅氧烷-氢化双酚A型环氧树脂，以此为成膜物质，添加不同种类的光稳定剂和抗氧剂制备抗光氧老化和抗热氧老化防护涂料。选用聚氯乙烯（PVC）片材和密封止水材料三元乙丙橡胶作为基材，将制备的抗光氧化和抗热氧化防护涂料分别施涂于基材表面，通过测试热氧和紫外老化前后PVC与三元乙丙橡胶的力学性能，评价不同种类的光稳定剂和抗氧剂制备的防老化涂料的防护效果，确定防老化材料的组成和配方。主要研究结论如下：

（1）硅烷环氧树脂涂膜本身具有一定的防老化作用，其中对紫外老化性能的改善作用更明显。

（2）选用抗氧剂1010、1076、1098分别与有机硅改性环氧树脂混合制备不同类型的抗热氧老化涂料。将其分别施涂于PVC片材上使其固化，热氧老化后的力学性能测试表明：三种抗氧剂制备的防老化涂料均能提高老化后PVC的抗拉强度保持率和断裂伸长率保持率，但改善效果有所差异，其中加入抗氧剂1010的防老化涂料对PVC的耐热氧老化性能的改善效果最佳，抗氧剂1010的适宜掺量为3%。

（3）选用UV770、UV531、水杨酸等光稳定剂分别与有机硅改性环氧树脂复合制备不同种类的抗光氧老化涂料。将其分别施涂于PVC片材上，紫外老化后的力学性能测试表明：加入光稳定剂的老化涂料对PVC的耐紫外老化性能具有良好的改善效果，其中加入光稳定剂UV770的防老化涂料对PVC的改善作用较为优良，光稳定剂UV770的适宜掺量为3%。

（4）选用抗氧剂1010、1076、1098分别与有机硅改性环氧树脂混合制备了不同类型的抗热氧老化涂料。将其分别施涂于三元乙丙橡胶片材上，热氧老化后的力学性能测试表明：三种抗氧剂制备的防老化涂料均能提高老化后三元乙丙橡胶的抗拉强度保持率和断裂伸长率保持率，但改善效果有所差异，其中加入抗氧剂1010的防老化涂料对三元乙丙橡胶的耐热氧老化性能改善效果最佳，抗氧剂1010的适宜掺量为3%。

（5）选用UV770、UV531、水杨酸等光稳定剂分别与有机硅改性环氧树脂混合制备不同种类的抗光氧老化涂料。将其分别施涂于三元乙丙橡胶片材上，紫外老化后的力学性能测试表明：加入光稳定剂的老化涂料对三元乙丙橡胶的耐紫外老化性能具有良好的改善效果，其中加入光稳定剂UV770的防老化涂料对三元乙丙橡胶的改善效果最好，光稳定剂UV770的适宜掺量为3%。

关键词：抗氧剂；光稳定剂；防老化涂料；PVC；三元乙丙橡胶；

Abstract

In order to solve the shortage of water resources in the north of our country, some large-scale water transfer projects have been built in China in recent years. During the operation of such projects, because of light, oxygen and heat, sealing material in expansion joint of aqueduct and channel suffered from aging. As a result, sealing materials fail to take effect after ageing, thus affect the operative efficiency of the projects. This study aims at improving the aging resistance performance of water sealing materials. Polysiloxane-hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin were synthesized in the laboratory, and it was used as a film-forming material, different kinds of light stabilizer and antioxidants were added into the film-forming material to prepare anti-photo oxidative aging coatings and anti-heat oxidative aging coatings . Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets and sealing material EPDM were selected as the base materials, and anti-photo oxidative aging coatings or anti-heat oxidative aging coatings was painted on the surface of the substrate, the protective effect of the anti-aging coating was evaluated by measuring mechanical property of PVC and EPDM before and after thermal oxidative aging or light aging. Different types of antioxidant and light stabilizer were used to determine the composition and formulation of the anti-aging coating. The main contents were as follows：

(1) The organic silicone epoxy resin coating had some anti-aging effect, which was more obvious in the improvement of UV aging performance.

(2) Three antioxidants (antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 and antioxidant 1098) were added into silicone modified epoxy resin separately, to prepare different kinds of thermal oxidative aging coating. These coatings were painted on the surface of the PVC, and subjected to mechanical properties test before and after thermal oxidative aging. The results showed that the addition of three kinds of thermal oxidation protective coating can increase the conservation ratio of tensile strength and elongation at break after aging, but the extent of improvement showed obvious difference with antioxidant used. The coating with antioxidant 1010 showed the most excellent effect on PVC after heat oxygen aging test, the optimum content of antioxidant 1010 was 3%.

(3) Many kinds of light stabilizers such as UV531, UV770 and salicylic acid were used to prepare different kinds of anti-photo oxidant protective coatings, which were painted on the surface of the PVC. The mechanical properties testing after UV aging showed that light stabilizers protective coating on PVC could improve the aging performance of PVC. And coating with UV770 displayed the most significant improvement on PVC, the optimum content of UV770 was 3%.

(4) Three antioxidants (antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 and antioxidant 1098) were added into silicone modified epoxy resin to prepare different kinds of thermal oxidative aging coating. These coatings were painted on the surface of the EPDM, the mechanical properties test after thermal oxidative aging showed that three kinds of thermal oxidation protective coating can increase the conservation ratio of tensile strength and elongation at break of EPDM after aging. And the influence was different with the variation of antioxidant. The thermal oxidation protective coating with antioxidant 1010 showed the highest protective effect on EPDM after heat oxygen aging test, the suitable content of antioxidant 1010 was 3%.

(5) Three kinds of light stabilizers such as UV531, UV770 and salicylic acid were used to prepare different kinds of anti-photo oxidant protective coatings, which were painted on the surface of the EPDM. The mechanical properties testing after Ultraviolet aging showed that these coatings showed excellent protective effects on EPDM. And coating with UV770 compound displayed the most significant improvement on the UV aging performance of EPDM, the suitable content of UV770 was 3%.

Key words: Antioxidant; Light stabilizer; Anti aging coating; PVC; EPDM;

目 录

摘 要 III

Abstract V

目 录 7

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2防老化涂料的研究进展 1

1.3 硅烷环氧树脂涂料的研究与应用 2

1.4研究目的及意义 3

1.5 研究内容 3

第2章 实验部分 5

2.1 实验原料 5