摘 要

癌症，即恶性肿瘤，已经成为世界性的威胁人类健康的重要疾病之一。近年来，由于生活环境的恶化以及人们饮食的多元化，癌症已成为仅次于心血管疾病造成我国城乡居民死亡的原因。与普通肿瘤相比，癌症具有生长迅速、侵袭性强的特点，可以从原发部位播散到身体其他的部位，这也导致了癌症的难以治愈性，对人的生命健康产生严重的危害。当前对癌症的治疗手段主要有手术切除，放射疗法，化学疗法及免疫疗法等。但由于传统治疗方法周期长、易复发和毒副作用大等问题，人们逐渐将视线转移到光热治疗上。光热治疗利用纳米颗粒的靶向性，将光热材料递送至肿瘤细胞，并在外部光源照射下光热试剂释放热量杀死细胞。光热治疗的高选择性，安全性以及有效性使得其在肿瘤治疗研究中脱颖而出，成为该领域的研究热门。

本文采用D-A共聚原理设计了一种具有光热效应近红外发光的化合物PDPPDTP-P，并使用PEG-PCL包裹该近红外光热试剂制备纳米粒子。近红外光热试剂被聚合物载体材料包裹，得到有效保护，可以保持其稳定性。胶束外层的水溶性PEG高分子壳层，将会保护光热试剂免受人体免疫系统的攻击，减少血液清除，延长血液循环时间，增强肿瘤聚集。此外，该光热试剂可以在近红外区域发光，适用于体内荧光造影，进而实验诊疗一体化。

关键词：光热治疗；光热材料；共轭聚合物；癌症

Abstract

Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, has become a worldwide threat to human health as one of the important diseases. In recent years, due to the deterioration of living environment and the diversification of people's diet, cancer has become the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease in urban and rural residents. Compared with common tumors, cancer has the characteristics of rapid growth and strong invasiveness, which can spread from the primary site to other parts of the body, which also leads to the incurable nature of cancer, causing serious harm to human life and health. Current treatments for cancer include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, due to the problems such as long cycle, easy recurrence and large toxic and side effects of traditional treatment methods, people gradually turn their attention to photothermal treatment. Photothermal therapy utilizes the targeting property of nanoparticles to deliver photothermal materials to tumor cells and release heat from photothermal reagents under external light source to kill cells. The high selectivity, safety and efficacy of photothermal therapy make it stand out in tumor therapy research and become a hot topic in this field.

In this paper, PDPPDTP-P with photothermal effect was designed by D-A copolymerization principle, and the PEG-PCL was used to package the photothermal agent to prepare the nanoparticles. The near-infrared photothermic reagent is wrapped by polymer carrier material, so it can be effectively protected and its stability can be maintained. The micellar outer layer of water-soluble PEG polymer will protect photothermal agents from the body's immune system, reduce blood clearance, prolong blood circulation time, and enhance tumor aggregation. In addition, the photothermal reagent can emit light in the near-infrared region, which is suitable for in Vivo fluorescence imaging, and further the integration of laboratory diagnosis and treatment.

Key Words: photothermal therapy; Photothermal material; conjugated polymer; cancer

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 肿瘤的光热治疗 1

1.1.1 癌症的现状 1

1.1.2 癌症的光热治疗 2

1.2 应用肿瘤光热治疗的近红外感光纳米材料 3

1.2.1 无机纳米材料 3

1.2.2 有机小分子纳米材料 4

1.2.3 共轭聚合物纳米材料 4

1.3 有机共聚物纳米材料近年的研究现状 5

1.4 本选题主要研究内容、目的及意义 11

1.4.1 研究目的及内容 11

1.4.2 选题对社会、健康、安全、成本及环境的影响 11

第二章 实验部分 12

2.1实验材料与设备 12

2.1.1 实验试剂 12

2.1.2 试验设备 13

2.2 具有π-π共轭结构的新型共轭聚合物PDPPDTP-P的制备 13

2.2.1 单体分子M1的制备 14

2.2.2 单体分子M2的制备 15

2.2.3 化合物PDPPDTP-P的聚合 16

2.3 载体聚合物PEG-PCL的合成 17

2.4 利用PEG-PCL包裹PDPPDTP-P纳米粒子的制备 17

2.5 聚合物纳米粒子稳定性和光热性能研究 18

2.6 聚合物纳米粒子在细胞水平的研究 18

第三章 结果与讨论 19

3.1 新型共轭聚合物PDPPDTP-P的表征 19

3.2 聚合物纳米粒子的表征 20

3.3 聚合物纳米粒子的稳定性分析 22

3.4 聚合物纳米粒子的光热转化能力分析 23

3.5 聚合物纳米粒子的体外细胞实验分析 24

第四章 结论 26

参考文献 27

致谢 31

附录1 32

附录2 34

第一章 绪论