论文总字数：21567字

摘 要

智能水凝胶是指对外界刺激具有响应性变化的水凝胶。与传统水凝胶相比，智能水凝胶因其独特的刺激响应性，在物质分离、药物控释、组织过程、酶的固载和调光材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景。与其他环境刺激因素相比，光刺激具有高效、快速、安全、节能的优势，能够实现对水凝胶进行远程、精准控制，这使得光敏型水凝胶得到了迅速的发展。由具有光热效应的金纳米棒粒子（AuNRs）和温度敏感性聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）水凝胶复合形成的体系，可以通过光照条件来调节体系的温度，从而改变整个体系的溶胀度、体积和折光率等性质，使得其在药物控释、光热治疗、拉曼光谱检测基底、微传感器等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

本课题首先拟采用种子生长法，利用氯金酸制备能稳定存在的金纳米棒水分散液。再用含量不同的AuNRs水分散液分别和物理交联、化学交联体系的PNIPAM水凝胶复合，制备无规填充型AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶，研究金纳米粒子含量等对PNIPAM性能的影响。

通过分析文献和课题组提供的实验数据，证实按拟采用实验方案制备出的物理交联AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶具有光热效应。物理交联AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶的光热转化效率随着AuNRs含量的提升而变大，同时在升温过程中水凝胶还发生相转变，变为不透明，表现出光响应性。

关键词：金纳米棒；物理交联；水凝胶；光热效应

Abstract

Smart hydrogel refers to a kind of hydrogel that changes responsively to external stimuli. Compared with traditional hydrogels, smart hydrogels have wide application prospects in the fields of substance separation, controlled drug release, tissue process, enzyme immobilization, and dimming materials due to their unique stimulus responsiveness. Compared with other environmental stimuli, light stimulation has the advantages of high efficiency, speed, safety, and energy saving. It can realize remote and precise control of hydrogels, which has led to the rapid development of photosensitive hydrogels. The system formed by the combination of gold nanorod particles(AuNRs) with photothermal effect and temperature-sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel can adjust the temperature of the system through light conditions, thereby changing the swelling degree and volume of the entire system And the properties of refractive index make it have a wide range of application prospects in the fields of controlled drug release, photothermal therapy, Raman spectroscopy detection substrates, microsensors and other fields.

This subject intends to use the seed growth method to prepare an aqueous dispersion of gold nanorods that can stably exist using chloroauric acid. Randomly packed AuNRs/PNIPAM hydrogels were prepared by combining AuNRs aqueous dispersions with different contents and PNIPAM hydrogels in physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking systems, respectively. A polystyrene opal template is proposed to prepare AuNRs / PNIPAM hydrogel with inverse opal structure, and the relationship between the structure and the properties of light and heat effect, light control structure color and so on is analyzed.

By analyzing the literature and the experimental data provided by the research group, it is confirmed that the physically cross-linked AuNRs/PNIPAM hydrogel prepared according to the experimental scheme has the photothermal effect. The photothermal conversion efficiency of physically cross-linked AuNRs/PNIPAM hydrogel increases with the increase of AuNRs content. At the same time, the hydrogel also undergoes a phase transition during temperature increase, becoming opaque, showing light responsiveness.

Key Words：AuNRs; physical cross-linking; hydrogels; numerical simulation

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2智能水凝胶概述 1

1.2.1 温度敏感性智能水凝胶 1

1.2.2 光敏感性智能水凝胶 2

1.2.3 pH敏感性智能水凝胶 2

1.2.4 电场敏感性智能水凝胶 3

1.2.5 磁场敏感性智能水凝胶 3

1.3纳米粒子复合智能水凝胶概述 3

1.3.1 金纳米粒子的研究进展及在智能水凝胶中的应用 4

1.4 PNIPAM水凝胶概述 5

1.5选题的内容和研究方法 7

1.5.1 选题的内容 7

1.5.2 研究方法 7

第2章 实验部分 8

2.1 原材料 8

2.2 实验过程 8

2.2.1 AuNRs水分散液的制备 8

2.2.2 AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶的制备 9

2.2.3 AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶表征 10

第3章 结果与分析 12

3.1 AuNRs的粒径分析 12

3.2 AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶的制备 13

3.3 AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶的光热效应分析 13

3.4 AuNRs/PNIPAM水凝胶的光响应性分析 16

第4章 结论 18

参考文献 19

致 谢 21

第1章 绪论

1.1引言

水凝胶是一种高分子材料，结构为网状，一般由化学交联或者物理交联形成。水凝胶具有三维网络状骨架结构，能够支撑体系，通过表面张力作用可以吸收很多的水分。又由于聚合链交联形成了凝胶体系，使得水凝胶能够在水中不溶解^[1]。

19世纪60年代初，Wichterle和Lim成功合成了水凝胶，然后用该材料制备了世界上第一幅隐形眼镜，从此水凝胶的研究和应用进入了一个快速研发时期^[2]。

水凝胶独特的结构性质使其具有强大的吸水能力，并且在受到外力作用下，体系中的水分也不易流失。因为水凝胶具有的独特的吸水能力，使得水凝胶具有广泛的商业应用^[3]。尽管如此，传统水凝胶也存在功能比较单一、力学强度差的缺点，对外界的刺激性变化不敏感，在形状、溶胀程度方面缺乏智能响应性^[4]。这些缺陷一定程度上限制了传统水凝胶的应用。

随着对材料化学的研究飞速发展，能够响应外界刺激，发生响应性变化的智能水凝胶成为了材料学家们的研究重点。

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