论文总字数：16417字

摘 要

聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂是五大通用合成材料之一,具有良好的物理及机械性能,用途广泛。

PVC糊树脂属于PVC软制品的1种，主要通过乳液法制备，有着其自身独有的特点。相较于通过悬浮法制备的树脂，PVC糊树脂的生产设备便宜，模具制作十分简单，并且可以根据客户的要求制备成特定形状，在制备过程中不会多次受热，可以生产多品种的树脂，所以广泛应用于各类革制品，玩具等方面。但制备PVC糊树脂时会出现一些问题，其中最大的问题便是其粘度不易控制，经常出现粘度过大的现象，为此，工业上添加有机溶剂做降粘剂，而有机溶剂后处理困难，会造成环境污染。因此，可以采用水替代有机溶剂，这可以大大减少对环境的污染，但水和PVC糊树脂及常用增塑剂却难以互溶。为此，我们需要添加少量乳化剂使其能够形成稳定的乳液体系。

本实验选用了常用的阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂各几种，并在不同温度和不同浓度下实验，观察各种乳化剂的乳化效果，目的是选择出可以使乳化效果最好的乳化剂。

本实验采用强力高速搅拌机，水浴加热装置来研究不同条件下的乳化剂在PVC糊树脂/增塑剂/水体系下的乳化效果。结果表明，不同浓度的乳化剂在相同条件下乳化效果并无明显区别。常温下OP-10和吐温20在PVC/水体系乳化效果最好；在加热60 ℃的条件下，司班60在对苯二甲酸二丁酯（DOTP）/水的乳化效果最优；80 ℃的条件下，十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）在DOTP/水体系的乳化效果最优。最后，使用这三种乳化剂分别在合适的条件加入完整体系的混合液中，发现SDS最终的乳化效果最为优异。

关键词： PVC糊树脂 增塑 乳化剂 环境友好

Study on plasticized PVC plastic water-based emulsion system

Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin is one of the most commonly used plastics in the world and has excellent performance in physical and mechanical properties, so it has excellent applications in various fields.

PVC paste resin is a kind of PVC soft product, which is mainly prepared by the emulsion method and has its own unique features.Compared with resin prepared by suspension method, PVC paste resin is cheap in production equipment, mold making is very simple, and can be made into a specific shape according to customer's requirements. It will not be heated many times in the preparation process and can produce multiple varieties of resin. Therefore, it is widely used in all kinds of leather products, toys and so on.However, there are some problems in the preparation of PVC paste resins. The biggest problem is that the viscosity is not easy to control and often occurs too large. For this reason, organic solvents are added as viscosity reducing agents in the industry, and the organic solvents are difficult to handle afterwards. Cause environmental pollution.Therefore, water can be used instead of organic solvents, which can greatly reduce the pollution of the environment, but water and PVC paste resins and commonly used plasticizers are difficult to mutual solubility. To do this, we need to add a small amount of emulsifier to make it a stable emulsion system.

In this experiment, several commonly used anionic emulsifiers and nonionic emulsifiers were selected. Experiments were conducted at different temperatures and different concentrations to observe the emulsification effects of various emulsifiers. The purpose was to select the emulsifiers that would give the best emulsification effect. .

In this experiment, a powerful high-speed stirrer and water bath heating device were used to study the emulsifying effect of emulsifiers under different conditions under PVC paste resin/plasticizer/water system.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the emulsifying effect of different concentrations of emulsifier under the same conditions.OP-10 and Tween 20 had the best emulsifying effect in PVC/water system at normal temperature. Under the condition of heating at 60℃, the emulsifying effect of siban 60 on dibutyl terephthalate (DOTP)/water was the best; Under the condition of 80 ℃, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the DOTP/water system was the best.Finally, using these three emulsifiers to add the complete system of the mixture under the appropriate conditions, it was found that the final emulsification of SDS was the best.

Keywords:The PVC paste resin plastification emulsifier environmentally friendly

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 前言 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 本课题工作 1

第二章 文献综述 3

2.1 PVC树脂简介 3

2.2 PVC糊树脂简介 3

2.2.1 PVC糊树脂介绍 3

2.2.2 PVC糊树脂国内外发展状况 4

2.3 乳化剂简介 5

2.3.1乳化剂的介绍 5

2.3.2 乳化剂的应用 5

2.4 增塑剂简介 5

2.5 降粘剂简介 5

第三章 实验部分 7

3.1 实验原料 7

3.2 实验仪器与设备 7

3.3 实验配方 7

3.4 实验流程 8

3.5 测试与表征 9

第四章 结果与讨论 10

4.1 常温下不同乳化剂对PVC/水体系的乳化效果 10

4.2 常温下不同乳化剂对DOTP/水体系的乳化效果 11

4.3 加热状态下不同乳化剂对DOTP/水体系的乳化效果 15

4.4 不同状态下不同乳化剂对混合体系的乳化效果 19

第五章 结论 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：16417字