论文总字数：21693字

摘 要

本文拟通过环氧树脂（EP）直接浸润碳泡沫骨架和利用EP固化诱导相分离两种方式来制备导热复合材料。以纳米石墨微片（GNPs）构建导热骨架，再将骨架浸入到热固性树脂中得到高导热复合材料；利用聚醚砜/环氧（PES/EP）的固化诱导相分离过程，使得GNPs形成的网络骨架结构获得高导热复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM) 和激光共聚焦显微镜对其截面进行观察，利用Hot Disk导热系数仪测量其导热系数并对其导热性能进行表征。

通过实验我们发现，利用纳米石墨微片吸附在聚氨酯（PU）骨架表面并浸入EP基体中制备碳骨架泡沫复合材料，在体系内部形成定向的导热通路，使得导热性能大大提高。利用PES/EP的固化诱导相分离制备的复合材料中，当GNPs在体系中形成导热通路后，体系的热阻极大地被降低，导热性能大大提高。在一定的填料含量范围内，利用GNPs依附PES在145℃下与EP固化形成网络复合材料，导热系数与纯环氧体系相比有数倍的提高，并且GNPs在所占体系的10wt%含量之前随着其所占投入比例的加大，其热传导能力也随之逐渐增强，10wt%以后呈逐渐减小趋势。

关键词：碳泡沫 环氧树脂 复合材料 导热系数

Preparation of Carbon Foam Composites and Study on Thermal Conductivity

Abstract

In this paper, thermal composite materials was prepared through two ways of carbon skeleton immersed in epoxy resin(EP) and the reaction induced phase separation of polyethersulfone/epoxy (PES/EP). The carbon skeleton was prepared by graphite nanoplates (GNPs), which was then immersed in thermosetting resin to obtain the high hermal conductivity composite. The network skeleton structure of GNPs was achieved through the reaction-induced phase separation of PES/EP, which was the main reason for the high thermal conductivity of composite. The cross section was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and lser scanning confocal microscope. The thermal conductivity of composite was measured by Hot-Disk.

Through the experiment, we found that GNPs adsorbing on the surface of PU skeleton and the skeleton was impregnated in the epoxy resin matrix to get the high thermal conductive composite. The formation of directional thermal conductive path in the composite enhanced the thermal conductivity greatly. The nano-graphite platelets (GNPs) formed a network skeleton structure by the reaction-induced phase separation of PES/EP. The process of phase separation was observed and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The effect of the phase separation on the thermal conductivity and other properties was discussed. GNPs was adsorbed in the phase of PES forming the thermal network with the curing of EP at 145℃. The thermal conductivity of 10wt% GNPs-PES/EP was several times that of pure EP, and the thermal conductivity increased with the increasement of the GNPs content until the content of GNPs until 10wt% in the blend.

Key words: Carbon foam; epoxy resin; composite ; thermal conductivity

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 导热高分子材料概况 2

1.2.1 高分子导热复合材料概况 2

1.2.2 导热机理 3

1.3 导热聚合物材料的分类 4

1.3.1 本征型导热高分子材料的概况 5

1.3.2 填充型导热高分子材料的概况 5

1.4 碳泡沫/网络结构在导热高分子材料中的研究进展 6

1.4.1各种碳泡沫骨架的构建方法 7

1.4.2碳泡沫/聚合物结构与导热性能的关系进展 7

1.5 本论文研究内容、意义及实验思路 7

第二章 实验部分 9

2.1实验原料 9

2.2 主要实验设备及仪器 10

2.3 试样的制备 10

2.3.1 PU-GNPs/EP骨架复合材料的制备 10

2.3.2 GNPs/EP/PES型网络复合材料的制备 12

2.4性能测试 13

2.4.1光学显微镜（OM）观察 13

2.4.2导热系数及电阻检测 13

2.4.3 扫描电镜（SEM）观察 14

第三章 实验结果及讨论 15

3.1 PU-GNPs/EP复合材料实验结果及分析 15

3.1.1 GNPs在PU-GNPs骨架中的吸附情况 15

3.1.2 粘结法制备EP-GNPs复合材料 16

3.2 GNPs-PES/EP型网络复合材料实验结果及分析 18

3.2.1 导热数据及分析 18

3.2.2 光学显微镜观察结果 20

3.2.3 扫描电镜观察结果 20

第四章 结论与展望 22

参考文献 24

致谢 26

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