论文总字数：25482字

摘 要

随着世界煤石油等不可再生的化石能源的日益减少，太阳能、风能等可再生的能源的开发和利用在世界各地正在急速发展。但是目前风能和太阳能的储能技术成为其不能大规模应用的制约因素。所以科学家将目光转向了二次蓄电池的大规模电力储能技术的研究开发。钠硫电池因为其一系列的优点，如能量密度高、功率密度高、自放电率低等等，成为了目前最有价值的静态储能电池之一。但是目前钠硫电池主要的问题是强腐蚀性的硫及硫化物对不锈钢集流体的腐蚀造成的钠硫电池性能衰减和安全隐患。本文探讨了316L不锈钢在不同温度，不同介质比，不同时间的高温硫及硫化钠环境中腐蚀的规律。通过XRD、SEM和EDS等测试方法对316L不锈钢进行物相分析，形貌分析和能谱分析。此外，本实验还研究了不同温度镀液对Ni-W镀层的影响。研究高温硫化钠从300℃增加到400℃，随着温度的增加，316L不锈钢在高温硫化钠环境中的腐蚀速度呈线性增加。研究钠硫介质比从0.18增加到1.44，发现随着钠硫介质比的增加，316L不锈钢呈抛物线增加。研究腐蚀时间从3h增加至48h，发现随着腐蚀时间的增加，316L不锈钢在高温硫化钠环境中的腐蚀速度呈抛物线增长，而且随着时间的增加，腐蚀速度增长率逐渐减少。以上三组实验证明316L不锈钢不能直接作为钠硫电池集流体使用，所以我们决定在316L不锈钢镀一层Ni-W镀层。研究不同温度的镀液镀的镀层的XRD、SEM和EDS图谱，我们发现在60℃、70℃、80℃四个温度中镀层质量最好的是70℃。研究不同电流密度的镀层的SEM，在14A/dm²、15A/dm²、16A/dm²、18A/dm²、20A/dm²五个电流密度中，镀层质量最好的是15A/dm²。

关键词：钠硫电池 316L不锈钢 硫化钠 腐蚀速度 Ni-W镀层

Electrochemical Behavior of Stainless Steel Current Collectors in High Temperature Sulfur Environment

Abstract

With the diminishing reduction of non-renewable fossil energy such as coal and oil in the world, the development and utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy are rapidly developing around the world. However, current energy storage technologies for wind and solar energy have become constraints that cannot be applied on a large scale. Therefore, scientists turned their attention to the research and development of large-scale power storage technology for secondary batteries. Sodium-sulfur batteries have become one of the most valuable static energy storage batteries due to their series of advantages, such as high energy density, high power density and low self-discharge rate. However, the main problem of the sodium-sulfur battery at present is the performance degradation and safety hazard of the sodium-sulfur battery caused by the corrosion of the highly corrosive sulfur and sulfide on the stainless steel current collector. This paper discusses the corrosion of 316L stainless steel in high temperature sulfur and sodium sulfide environments at different temperatures, different media ratios and different times. Phase analysis, morphology analysis and energy spectrum analysis of 316L stainless steel were carried out by XRD, SEM and EDS. In addition, this experiment also studied the effect of different temperature plating solutions on Ni-W coating. The high temperature sodium sulfide was increased from 300 °C to 400 °C. With the increase of temperature, the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the high temperature sodium sulfide environment increased linearly. The ratio of sodium-sulfur medium increased from 0.18 to 1.44. It was found that 316L stainless steel increased parabolically with the increase of sodium-sulfur medium ratio. The corrosion time was increased from 3h to 48h. It was found that the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the high temperature sodium sulfide environment increased parabolically with the increase of corrosion time, and the growth rate of corrosion rate decreased with time. The above three sets of experiments prove that 316L stainless steel can not be directly used as a sodium sulfur battery current collector, so we decided to plate a Ni-W coating on 316L stainless steel. Studying the XRD, SEM and EDS spectra of the plating plating at different temperatures, we found that the best plating quality at 70 ° C, 70 ° C, 80 ° C is 70 ° C. The SEM of the coatings with different current densities was studied. Among the five current densities of 14A/dm², 15A/dm², 16A/dm², 18A/dm², and 20A/dm², the best plating quality was 15A/dm².

Keywords: Sodium-sulfur battery; 316L stainless steel; Sodium sulfide; Corrosion rate; Ni-W coating

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.1.1钠硫电池简介 1

1.1.2钠硫电池原理及特点 1

1.1.3集流体简介 2

1.1.4钠硫电池应用 4

1.2不锈钢的防高温腐蚀的研究进展 4

1.3本文主要研究内容 4

第二章实验 7

2.1实验药品和仪器 7

2.2实验 8

2.2.1静态浸泡腐蚀实验 8

2.2.2腐蚀速度测试 9

2.2.3在316L不锈钢的基体上电镀Ni-W镀层 10

2.2.4物相分析 12

2.2.5形貌及能谱分析 12

第三章实验结果分析与讨论 12

3.1不同温度的影响 13

3.1.1不同温度下腐蚀照片 13

3.1.2不同温度下腐蚀速度分析 14

3.1.2物相分析 15

3.2不同Na与S质量比腐蚀速度分析 16

3.2.1不同介质比下腐蚀照片 16

3.2.2不同介质比的腐蚀速度分析 17

3.3腐蚀时间影响 18

3.3.1腐蚀不同时间的腐蚀照片 18

3.3.2腐蚀不同时间腐蚀速度分析 20

3.3.3形貌分析 21

3.4镀层的制备及性能测试 23

3.4.1不同温度镀液下镀层的腐蚀速度分析 23

3.4.2不同温度镀液下镀层的物相分析 23

3.4.3不同温度镀液下镀层的形貌分析 24

3.4.4不同电流密度下镀层的腐蚀速度分析 26

3.4.5不同电流密度下镀层形貌分析 27

第四章结论 30

参考文献 31

致谢 34

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