摘 要

ZrO₂陶瓷力学性能好，具有优良的生物相容性和化学稳定性，能适应口腔复杂的生理环境，成为重要的牙科修复材料。因此，ZrO₂陶瓷的研究和应用受到了材料学和口腔医用学者的关注。ZrO₂陶瓷的脆性限制了其应用，研究低成本、高强度ZrO₂陶瓷口腔修复材料具有广阔的应用前景。

论文采用化学共沉淀法制备出均匀分散的ZrO₂微粉,通过加入Y₂ O₃、CeO₂和Al₂O₃分别制得的（Y）-ZrO₂微粉、（Y、Ce）-ZrO₂微粉和（Y、Al）-ZrO₂微粉。通过高温烧结法制备出增韧ZrO₂陶瓷，并测定ZrO2陶瓷的理化性能、物相组成和微观结构，对影响ZrO₂陶瓷性能的因素进行分析和讨论。

实验结果表明：烧成温度为1530℃时，（Y）-ZrO₂陶瓷的增韧效果最佳，Y³ 最佳掺杂浓度为6mol%，其测试结果为：气孔率为10.225%，体积密度为5.220g/cm³，抗弯强度为134.4Mpa。利用XRD测定物相组成，发现稳定剂与ZrO₂基体形成固溶体，改变了晶体结构，从而达到增韧的效果。采用SEM观察了ZrO₂陶瓷断口的微观形貌，发现晶粒明显生长，含有大量气孔和微裂纹。

关键字：ZrO2、增韧ZrO2、抗弯强度

Abstract

ZrO₂ ceramics have good mechanical properties, bio-compatibility and chemical stability, so they fit for the complex physiological environment of the oral cavity, which have become important dental restorative materials. Therefore, the research and application of ZrO₂ ceramics have been concerned by the Materials Science and Oral medical scholars. However, the brittleness of ZrO₂ ceramics has limited its application. The research on the low cost and high strength ZrO2 ceramic has broadened application prospects.

In this paper, the homogeneous dispersion of ZrO₂ micro powders were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. (Y) -ZrO₂ micro powders, (Y, Ce) -ZrO₂ micro powders and (Y, Al) - ZrO₂ micro powders were synthesized by the addition of Y₂O₃ CeO₂ and Al2O3, respectively. Toughened ZrO₂ ceramics were synthesized by high temperature sintering process. Their physicochemical properties, phase composition and microstructure were characterized. Besides, The factors of affecting the performance of ZrO2 ceramics are analyzed and discussed.

The results indicated that (Y) - ZrO₂ ceramics had the most toughening effect when the sintering temperature is 1530℃，and the optimum doping concentration of Y³ was 6mol%. The test results of porosity was 10.225%, volume density was 5.22g/cm³and bending strength was 134.4Mpa. The phase composition was characterized by XRD, the solid solution between stabilizer and ZrO₂ matrix was formed, which changed the crystalline structure to achieve toughening effect. The morphology of the ZrO₂ ceramic fractures was observed by SEM. The results indicated that grain growing was obvious, a large number of pores and micro cracks were contained. Besides, the amount of liquid phase was insufficient.

Key Word：ZrO₂ micro powder, toughened ZrO₂ ceramics, bending strength

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1ZrO₂陶瓷 1

1.2 ZrO₂陶瓷增韧机理 2

1.3国内外研究现状 3

1.4氧化锆陶瓷粉体的制备方法 3

1.5研究目的和意义及研究内容 5

第2章 实验 7

2.1实验材料与实验设备 7

2.2 ZrO₂粉体制备 8

2.3 ZrO₂陶瓷的制备 13

第3章 结果分析与讨论 17

3.1稳定剂含量对增韧ZrO₂陶瓷吸水率、气孔率和体积密度的影响 17

3.2稳定剂含量对增韧ZrO₂陶瓷力学性能的影响 19

4.3烧成温度对氧化锆陶瓷力学性能的影响 22

3.4XRD物相分析 23

3.5 ZrO₂粉体的SEM分析 25

3.6增韧ZrO₂陶瓷的SEM分析 25

第4章 结论 28

参考文献 29

致谢 31

第1章 绪论

1.1 ZrO₂陶瓷

ZrO₂陶瓷作为一种生物陶瓷和特种陶瓷，已经成为口腔修复材料的重要组成。它不仅具有高强度和耐磨性，而且具有良好的耐腐蚀性和生物相容性。近年来，随着社会的不断发展和科学技术的不断提高，ZrO₂陶瓷及ZrO₂复合陶瓷材料在口腔医学领域的应用具有广阔的前景。

ZrO₂陶瓷作为重要的牙科修复材料，与金属基烤瓷材料相比，它具有以下优势^[1]：（1）耐腐蚀，化学稳定性好，无毒。金属基烤瓷材料的金属基底在口腔环境中会被唾液等物质腐蚀，溶解的金属离子对人体健康会造成一定程度上的伤害。（2）生物相容性，ZrO₂陶瓷对血清蛋白具有很好的吸附功效，可以促进细胞对该材料的贴附，从而使得该材料与组织的整合，有助于ZrO₂陶瓷与组织的结合，表现出良好的生物相容性。（3）热导率低，ZrO₂陶瓷的热导率远低于金属基烤瓷材料，可直接在口腔内对医用口腔ZrO₂陶瓷材料进行调改，并且不会因传热问题伤及骨组织。（4）美观，ZrO₂陶瓷避免了金属基底的暗灰色，使得与牙龈完美结合，呈现出良好的美学效果。虽然ZrO₂陶瓷具有众多优势，但由于失去了金属基底材料的承托和支撑，要求ZrO₂陶瓷材料具有很高的强度和韧性，能够承受口腔绞合力和复杂的口腔环境。