论文总字数：15267字

摘 要

当今社会，安全是人们普遍关注的问题之一。自从 911 事件以来，安全问题更加受到人们的重视。安全问题包括：财产安全、人身安全、信息安全等。最近发展起来一种人脸识别技术，它能够用在视频会议、人脸搜索、重要部门出入口控制等领域来降低安全隐患。

人脸识别技术是一种生物识别技术，出现于指纹识别、虹膜识别以及声音识别等生物识别技术之后，因其方便、经济、符合人们普遍的识别方式等优势，受到了越来越广泛的关注。

FPGA是现场可编程门阵列，其在高速图像处理领域得到了广泛的应用；又其设计周期短，成本相对 ASIC 较低，运用 FPGA 来设计电子产品已经成为一种趋势。

本文详细叙述了人脸识别理论基础知识和人脸识别用于门禁系统的优势，并设计了一种基于 FPGA 的人脸识别门禁系统实现方案。在硬件方面，本系统主要由：FPGA、摄像头、视频解码器SD 卡、SDRAM、显示器接口、电锁电路等组成。其中 FPGA 主要用来处理人脸识别的算法和实现其它逻辑功能；摄像头是采集人脸图像；用 SD 卡来提供人脸数据的存储空间；SDRAM 存储摄像头采集到人脸图像数据；显示器则是显示带有人脸的图像；电锁电路是用一个升压芯片把由 FPGA 输出的匹配结果（开/关）转换成 12V 的电压传递给电锁装置。

脸识别过程主要分为人脸检测、预处理、人脸定位、人脸特征提取与特征处理、人脸匹配。人脸图像检测方法采用静态图像的人脸检测方法；特征提取与特征处理是人脸识别系统算法的难点，本文主要采用主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis，PCA）方法来进行特征提取和处理。

PCA是一种掌握事物主要矛盾的统计分析方法，它能够提取出影响多元事物的主要因素，从影响事物的本质出发来分析问题，把复杂的问题简单化。

关键词：人脸识别 人脸特征提取 人脸匹配 PCA FPGA

Abstract

In today's society, security is one of the issues of common concern. Since the 9 / 11 incident, people have paid more attention to security. Security issues include: property security, personal security, information security, etc. Recently, a face recognition technology has been developed, which can be used in video conference, face search, important department entrance control and other fields to reduce security risks.

Face recognition technology is a kind of biological recognition technology, which appears after fingerprint recognition, iris recognition, voice recognition and other biological recognition technologies. Because of its advantages of convenience, economy, in line with people's common recognition methods, it has attracted more and more attention.

FPGA is a field programmable gate array, which has been widely used in the field of high-speed image processing; Because of its short design cycle and low cost compared with ASIC, it has become a trend to use FPGA to design electronic products.

This paper describes the basic knowledge of face recognition theory and the advantages of face recognition used in access control system in detail, and designs an implementation scheme of face recognition access control system based on FPGA. In terms of hardware, the system is mainly composed of FPGA, camera, video decoder SD card, SDRAM, display interface, electric lock circuit, etc. FPGA is mainly used to process face recognition algorithm and realize other logic functions; The camera collects face images; SD card is used to provide the storage space of face data; SDRAM stores face image data collected by camera; The display shows the image with face; The electric lock circuit uses a boost chip to convert the matching result (on / off) output from FPGA into 12V voltage and transfer it to the electric lock device.

Face recognition process is mainly divided into face detection, preprocessing, face location, face feature extraction and processing, face matching. The face image detection method adopts the face detection method of static image; Feature extraction and feature processing is the difficulty of face recognition system algorithm. This paper mainly uses principal component analysis (PCA) method to extract and process features.

PCA is a statistical analysis method to master the main contradictions of things. It can extract the main factors that affect multiple things, analyze problems from the essence of things, and simplify complex problems.

Key words: face recognition, face feature extraction, face matching, PCA, FPGA

目录

1绪论 4

1.1研究背景及意义 4

1.2国内外研究现状 4

1.3主要工作 5

2系统方案设计 7

2.1人脸识别系统 7

2.2人脸检测方法 7

2.3 主控制器方案设计 8

2.4 系统整体方案设计 9

3硬件电路设计 10

3.1主控电路供电设计 10

3.2核心板供电设计 10

3.3摄像头电路 12

3.4液晶显示电路 13

4仿真与调试 15

4.1系统开发环境介绍............................................................................................................15

4.2电路仿真 15

4.3软件调试 15

5总结与展望 22

5.1总结....................................................................................................................................22

5,2展望....................................................................................................................................22

参考文献 23

致谢 24

1绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

随着信息科技的快速发展，当今社会己经步入信息时代，为了加强对信息安全的保证，身份验证技术就显得尤为重要，所以在全球范围内受到了广泛的关注。在计算机技术和互联网技术的飞速发展情况下，如证件类的传统身份验证方法己经跟不上人们追求便利和安全的需求，生物特征识别方式逐渐替代传统身份验证方法，为确定个人身份、保护信息安全提供了新的解决方案。

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