论文总字数：21239字

摘 要

在这个时代中，各行各业都走上了多姿多彩的发展道路，智能电动小车也不例外。它的发展同样是迅速的，小到智能玩具小车大到无人驾驶汽车，进步与成果成果都是显而易见的。智能电动小车也有许多衍生产业，其中以智能汽车最为突出且联系紧密，智能小车是人们想要实现无人驾驶技术，无人驾驶技术可以解放我们的双手，拓展我们的时间，让我们能够节省出大量的人力物力去发展我们更想发展的事情。

本次试验的主要研究工作是智能小车的软件系统，通过软件编程以51单片机为主控芯片控制着智能小车实现左转、右转、前进、后退等基本功能，并且在前进后退时能够实现循迹、避障、遥控的功能，并且在避障时会发出蜂鸣器报警。通过智能小车实现更多功能，可以在其他的场合发挥更大的作用。

关键词：智能小车；单片机；循迹；避障

Software design of intelligent electric car

Abstract

In this era, all walks of life have embarked on a colorful development road, intelligent electric car is no exception. Its development is also rapid, from small smart toy cars to driverless cars, progress and achievements are obvious. Intelligent electric cars also have many derivatives industry, of which the most smart cars and contact closely, smart car is people want to achieve technology, unmanned drone technology can free us hands, expand our time, that we can save a lot of manpower material resources to develop the things we want to develop more.

The main research work of this experiment is the software system of the intelligent car. Through the software programming, 51 single chip microcomputer is used as the main control chip to control the intelligent car to realize the basic functions of turning left, turning right, moving forward and backward. When moving forward and backward, it can realize the functions of tracking, obstacle avoidance and remote control, and it will send out the buzzer alarm when avoiding obstacles. Through the intelligent car to achieve more functions, can play a greater role in other occasions.

.Key words: intelligent car;SCM; Tracking; Obstacle avoidance

目 录

摘要..................................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract..............................................................................Ⅱ

目录..................................................................................Ⅲ

1. 概述...........................................................................1
   1. 研究背景......................................................................1
   2. 研究意义......................................................................1
   3. 研究内容......................................................................1
2. 智能车相关技术及方案设计.......................................................3

2.1 电机及自动控制理论............................................................3

2.1.1 电机理论...................................................................3

2.1.2 自动控制理论...............................................................4

2.2 传感器技术....................................................................5

2.2.1 传感器技术...............................................................5

2.2.2 传感器的种类.............................................................5

2.2.3 传感器在自动化系统中的应用...............................................5

2.3 本章小结......................................................................6

第三章 智能车的硬件结构...............................................................7

3.1 主控模块.......................................................................7

3.1.1 单片机模块.................................................................7

3.1.2 时钟电路模块 ..............................................................7

3.1.3 复位电路模块...............................................................8

3.2 红外循迹模块...................................................................8

3.3 红外避障模块...................................................................8

3.4 蜂鸣器报警模块.................................................................9

3.5 遥控模块.......................................................................9

3.6 本章小结.......................................................................10

第四章 基于C51的软件设计.............................................................11

4.1 Keil μVision 5 软件介绍 .....................................................11

4.2 程序设计思路..................................................................11

4.2.1 程序设计原则...............................................................11

4.2.2 软件设计方案...............................................................12

4.3 主程序设计....................................................................13

4.4 本章小结......................................................................15

第五章 系统仿真测试...................................................................16

5.1 Protues 仿真平台的介绍........................................................16

5.2 仿真电路组成介绍............................................................. 16

5.3 仿真结果分析..................................................................17

5.4 本章小结.....................................................................20

第六章 总结与展望.....................................................................21

6.1 总结..........................................................................21

6.2 展望..........................................................................21

参考文献...............................................................................22

致谢...................................................................................23

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