论文总字数：14325字

摘 要

由于现代电子科学等技术的进步和对各种新兴科技领域的开拓，尤其是超大规格的新型集成电路的产生，只有这样才能真正的从各种意义上改变人类的生活和科技的进步。

作为实验用信号发生源，函数发生器还有个别的名字，又被人们称之为信号发生器。在现代各种新型电子科技实验及教学中成为了不可或缺的专业设备之一。时间飞逝，人们对信号发生器的使用和开发也越来越广泛，伴随着人们近年来对单片机理解的不断的加深，现在人们对函数信号发生设备的功能，比方说频率稳定性、频谱纯度、频率范围和输出信号的频率微调分辨率的标准都更加的严格了。现在的科学界对设备的精密度标准十分苛刻，普通的设备根本无法符合使用标准，会被逐渐淘汰。所以，现在世界各国的专家开始思考如何利用低成本的材料制成高性能的仪器，要知道从实用性角度来说，可以制造出低成本、高精度的函数发生设备再宣传普及这一成果将拥有超越时代的价值。

在上个世纪60年代以来，单片机已经走过了几十年的岁月，毫无疑问他是微型电子设备历史上极为重要的一个开拓性发现，不仅获得了各式各样的运用，而且研究和使用涉及的领域和潜力都是前所未有的大。

如果要问哪个单片机卖得好，毫无疑问冠军的宝座一定是MCS—51单片机，这是因为其集成度很高、处理功能较强、可靠性好、系统结构简单、造价便宜、利用起来方便等特点获得了来自世界的认可。如果换个方法。比如说程序设计，以MCS-51单片机为核心，使简单廉价的部件成为骨架。如果顺着上述思路，将可以产生高精度的三角波、而且可以调整宽度，甚至可以改变频率。三角波，方波，等波形的处理方法同上。和原始的电路相比，我们的新设计丝毫不必要选用宏处理器，因为我们单片机就是这么优秀。为了可以达到高频稳定，且抗干扰能力强，想要在不同的领域进行应用，我们需要抛弃555振荡电路，因为利用555震荡电路所生成的正弦波和方波等波形，根本无法满足我们，不仅难以控制调整，而且不可靠，电路也复杂多变难以理解，很难大规模的使用。也难以调整波形以满足要求。毫无疑问，未来世界将会慢慢推广各式各样的高性能简易函数信号发生装置以及其他型号的单片机，它们不仅性能优秀想必价格也会十分低廉，广受人们的青睐。

关键词：单片机；MCS-51；信号发生器；频率；振幅

A Simple Function Signal Generator Based on MCU

Abstract

Due to the progress of modern electronic science and other technologies and the development of various emerging fields of science and technology, especially the emergence of large-scale integrated circuits, it has brought fundamental changes to people's lives. Function generator, Function generator has its own name, also known as signal generator, and is one of the necessary instruments in the design and application of electronic circuit experiments. Time flies, people use and develop the signal generator more and more widely. With the deepening of people's understanding of single-chip computer in recent years, now people are more strict about the function of function signal generator, such as frequency stability, spectrum purity, frequency range and frequency fine-tuning resolution standard of output signal. Now the scientific community is very strict on the precision standard of equipment. Ordinary equipment cannot meet the use standard at all, and will be gradually eliminated. Therefore, experts and scholars at home and abroad began to design and manufacture advanced signal generators. However, from the practical value, it is of great significance to design low-cost and high-precision generators and promote their use.

As a very important branch of microcomputers, SCM has been widely used and developed rapidly since it came out in 1970s.The MCS-51 series single chip microcomputer produced by Intel company of the United States is widely used because of its high integration，simple system structure, low cost, easy to use and other features, which have been recognized by the world.. With the method of programming,MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer as the core, simple and low-cost components as the skeleton, if we follow the above ideas, we can generate high-precision triangular wave, and adjust the width, or even change the frequency. The processing methods of triangle wave, square wave, etc. are the same as above. Compared with the traditional function generator which is completely composed of hardware lapping,such as the circuit which does not rely on single chip microcomputer but uses 555 oscillation circuit to generate sine wave, triangle wave and square wave, the circuit has the disadvantages of poor waveform quality, difficult control, small adjustable range, complex circuit and large volume. The low-frequency signal is produced by using the method of program design of single-chip microcomputer, which has simple system structuret, compact structure,they are not only excellent in performance, but also very cheap, and are widely favored by people.. At the same time,the waveform can also be slightly adjusted to meet the requirements.The popularization of function signal generator based on single chip microcomputer will also become a trend of future development.

Key words: Single Chip Microcomputer; MCS-51; Signal Generator；Frequency；Amplitude

目 录

摘 要 0

Abstract 1

第一章 引 言 3

1.1 单片机发展史 3

1.2 单片机概述 3

1.3 信号发生器的分类 4

1.4 研究信号发生器的目的及意义 4

1.5 本课题的研究思路 5

第二章 方案的选择与设计 6

2.1 备选设计及对比 6

2.2 设计原理 6

2.3 设计功能 7

第三章 主要功能电路 8

3.1 单片机最小系统 8

3.1.1 单片机晶振电路 8

3.1.2 单片机复位电路 9

3.1.3 EA/VPP 9

3.1.4 ALE/PROG 9

3.2 DA模块 10

3.2.1 DAC0832的特点 10

3.2.2 芯片接口说明 10

3.2.3 基于单片机对DAC0832的控制原理 11

3.3 按键模块 11

3.4 上拉电阻 12

第四章 系统仿真与调试 13

4.1程序流程图 13

4.2 程序设计图 14

4.3 正弦波 15

4.4 方波 16

4.5 三角波 17

4.6 锯齿波 18

第五章：回顾与展望 19

参考文献(Reference) 20

附 录1 21

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