论文总字数：23535字

摘 要

电子测距仪要求测量范围在50cm-500cm，测量精度1cm，测量时与被测物体无直接接触，能够清晰稳定地显示测量结果。由于超声波指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远，因而超声波经常用于距离的测量。如测距仪和物位测量仪等都可以通过超声波来实现。超声波测距器，可以应用于汽车倒车、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场的位置监控，也可用于液位、井深、管道长度的测量等场合。利用超声波检测往往比较迅速、方便、计算简单、易于做到实时控制，并且在测量精度方面能达到工业实用的要求。因此在移动机器人的研制上也得到了广泛的应用。我的超声波测距仪设计采用74hc04反相器和CX20106搭接电路实现了超声波的发射与接收。采用AT89C51单片机为该测距仪的控制核心，此设计易于调试，成本低廉，具有很强的实用价值和良好的市场前景。

关键词：超声波传感器，单片机，测距仪

ABSTRACT：Electronic distance measurement instrument for measurement in the range of 50cm-5m, precision 1cm, with the measurement of the measured object without direct contact, can clearly demonstrate the stability of the measurement results. Because of the strong point of ultrasonic energy consumption, slow, medium of communication in the longer distance, which are often used for ultrasonic distance measurement. Such as the range finder and level measurement and so on can be achieved by ultrasound. Ultrasonic ranging, can be applied to car parking, construction sites and some industrial site location monitoring, and can also be used for liquid level, depth, pipe length measurement occasions. Use of ultrasonic testing is often more rapid, convenient, simple, easy to achieve real-time control, and measurement accuracy can meet the practical requirements of industry. In the mobile robot has been developed on a wide range of applications. My car anti-collision anti-theft alarm system design using 74hc04inverter and CX20106lap circuit to realize the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. Using AT89C51 SCM as the control core of the range finder, this design easy debugging, low cost, has the very strong practical value and good market prospects.

Key words: ultrasonic sensor, single chip microcomputer, range finder

目录

1 绪论..........................................................4

1.1 设计项目概述................................................4

1.2 设计要求....................................................4

1.3 超声波测距原理..............................................5

2 超声波测距仪的内容及意义......................................6

2.1 超声波测距仪的意义..........................................6

2.2超声波测距仪的内容..........................................6

3 系统方案选择..................................................7

3.1 方案一......................................................7

3.2 方案二......................................................8

3.3 方案确定....................................................8

4 系统硬件电路设计..............................................8

4.1单片机模块..................................................8

4.2超声波谐振频率调理电路模块..................................11

4.3超声波回路接收处理电路模块..................................12

4.4数码管显示模块..............................................13

5 系统软件程序设计.............................................14

5.1 超声波测距程序设计.........................................14

5.2 超声波测距流程图...........................................15

6 系统软硬件调试...............................................15

6.1 硬件调试...................................................15

6.2 软件调试...................................................16

6.3 调试中遇到的问题...........................................16

6.4调试结果....................................................16

结论..........................................................18

参考文献.......................................................20

致谢.........................................................21

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：23535字