论文总字数：16140字

摘 要

随着科技与经济的发展，人们的消费理念也在发生变化，自动化和智能化技术原来越普及，私家车已经飞入寻常百姓家，但是很多新手对自己的驾车技术不自信，比如倒库、移库、侧方位停车，很容易撞到东西。智能小车是一个多种集成技术的集成体，本系统采用AT89C51单片机为控制核心，利用红外传感器检测道路上的障碍，然后把数据传给单片机。本设计整个程序包括主程序、电机驱动程序、信号检测程序，通过小车运行时检测到的运行信息来调用左转、直行或停止函数来控制小车。另外，本系统兼顾节约成本，功能实用，外形美观等方面。

关键词： 智能化，AT89C51单片机，红外传感器

Abstract:With the development of science and economy, people"s consumption concept is changing. Automatic and intelligent technology is more and more popular, and private cars have gone into the homes of ordinary people, but many novice are not confident in their own driving skills , such as backing the car into a garage, moving in a garage, parking a car on the roadside .So it is easy for them to bump into things. Intelligent car is a collector of a variety of integration technology. The system uses AT89C51 single chip microcomputer as its control core, and uses infrared sensors to detect obstacles on the road, and then sends the data to the single chip microcomputer. The whole program of the design includes main program, motor driver, signal detection program. And it uses operation information detected when the car moves to make the car turn left, straight or stop. In addition, the system can also save the cost,have practical function and beautiful appearance and so on.

Keywords: Intelligent,AT89C51, Infrared sensor

目 录

1 绪论....................................................5

2 智能小车总体概况........................................5

2.1 概况..................................................5

2.2 总体结构图............................................6

3 系统方案设计............................................6

3.1 系统的原理图..........................................6

3.2 路面情况检测方案选择..................................7

3.3 电动机选择............................................7 3.4 电动机驱动方案的选择..................................7

3.5 路程检测方案选择......................................8

3.6 障碍物探测方案选择....................................8

3.7 供电电源方案的选择....................................9

4 系统硬件电路的计........................................9

4.1 电动机驱动电路设计与实现..............................9

4.2 车轮检速与路程计算...................................10

4.3 红外避障电路.........................................11

4.4 电源的电路...........................................12

5 主控芯片介绍...........................................13

5.1 AT89C51主控芯片介绍..................................13

5.2 电动机驱动芯片L293D..................................15

5.3 串口电路芯片MAX232...................................16

6 软件设计...............................................16

6.1 软件的设计思想.......................................16

6.2 程序设计.............................................17

7 系统调试与结论.........................................18

7.1 硬件调试.............................................18

7.1.1 测试仪器...........................................18

7.1.2 测试方法...........................................18

7.2 测试方法与仪器.......................................18

7.2.1 跟踪测试...........................................18

7.2.2 断点测试...........................................19

7.2.3 查看变量...........................................19

7.2.4 更改数值...........................................19

7.3 软件程序调试.........................................19

结论.....................................................21

参考文献.................................................22

致谢.....................................................23

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