论文总字数：17242字

摘 要

随着社会的进步与发展，人们认识世界的角度与方法在不断地变化。从牛顿的经典力学到爱因斯坦的相对论，再到普朗克的量子力学，人们的认识从宏观来到了微观。20世纪中期，诺贝尔物理学奖获得者、美国加利福尼亚工学院教授费因曼在他的演讲中提到了纳米科技的概念，这是人类第一次提出该概念。到了20世纪90年代，在美国的Baltimore举办了首届国际纳米科技会议，该次会议标志着纳米技术的诞生。纳米技术简单来说就是在研究纳米尺寸的物质并改变其结构。通过纳米技术，人们能够改变原子与分子的排列进而获得具有特殊物理性质的材料，即纳米材料。

当今，纳米技术已经进入了我们的日常生活之中。如利用纳米材料的面料制作的衣服具有防水、防尘的优点。在生命科学、太阳能电池材料、传感器材料、催化剂、磁性存储材料等领域，都有纳米技术的应用。因此纳米科技的发展，将对人类未来的信息产业与生命工程学科产生巨大的影响。

如何有效地控制纳米晶的形貌是目前广大研究者们所一直追求的目标，空心结构的纳米晶便是其中之一。常见的用来合成空心纳米晶的方法有模板法、化学腐蚀法、Kirkendall效应以及电偶置换法。

本文将以Kirkendall效应为理论依据研究合成ZnGeON中空纳米管。探索了合成ZnGeON中空纳米管的反应条件。检测了ZnGeON中空纳米管的光电流密度，并与固相法烧结的得到的参比样ZnGeON-SSR进行了对比。研究发现其相对于ZnGeON-SSR的光电流密度有显著的提升。这表明ZnGeON中空纳米管具有更高的比表面积、高表面活性的优点。

关键词：纳米技术 ZnGeON中空纳米管 Kirkendall效应 光电流密度

Abstract

With the progress and development of society, people's perspectives and methods of understanding the world are changing constantly. From Newton's classical mechanics to Einstein's theory of relativity to Planck's quantum mechanics, knowledge has moved from macroscopic to microscopic. The middle of the 20th century, the Nobel Prize winner in physics, California institute of technology professor fees for mann mentioned in his speech, the concept of nano science and technology, this is the first time that the concept is put forward. In the 1990s, the first international nanotechnology conference was held in Baltimore, the United States, which marked the birth of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is simply studying nanometer-sized materials and changing their structure. Through nanotechnology, people can change the arrangement of atoms and molecules to obtain materials with special physical properties, namely nanomaterials.

Nowadays, nanotechnology has entered our daily life. For example, clothing made from nanomaterials has the advantages of waterproof and dustproof. Nanotechnology has been applied in life science, solar cell materials, sensor materials, catalysts, magnetic storage materials and other fields. Therefore, the development of nanotechnology will have a great impact on the future of human information industry and life engineering.

How to control the morphology of nanocrystals effectively is a goal that researchers have been pursuing at present. Hollow nanocrystals are one of them. Common methods for the synthesis of hollow nanocrystals include template method, chemical corrosion method, Kirkendall effect and electric couple replacement method.

In this paper, ZnGeON hollow nanotubes are synthesized on the basis of Kirkendall effect. The reaction conditions of ZnGeON hollow nanotubes were investigated. The photoelectric properties of ZnGeON hollow nanotubes were measured and compared with that of the solid phase sintered reference sample ZnGeON-SSR. It was found that the photocurrent performance of ZnGeON-SSR was significantly improved. This indicates that ZnGeON hollow nanotubes have higher specific surface area and higher surface activity.

Key words: nanotechnology; ZnGeON hollow nanotubes; Kirkendall effect; Photocurrent performance

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 纳米技术的概念及发展前景 1

1.3 Kirkendall效应的发展历史 2

1.4 Kirkendall效应发展现状及前景 3

1.5 本文的主要研究内容 5

参考文献 5

第二章 实验与分析方法 7

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