论文总字数：19288字

摘 要

近些年，针对钙钛矿介观太阳能电池的研究主要围绕制作成本和光电转换效率两点展开。Park与Grätzel 课题组在2012年达成课题合作,制得了一种新型全固态介观太阳能电池，也就是目前学术界广为熟知的钙钛矿介观太阳能电池。自此，钙钛矿介观太阳能电池正式走入科研学者的视野，吸引了众多学者专家的探索研究。在短短几年之间，钙钛矿介观太阳能电池得到公证的光电转换效率已经从最开始的9.7%提升至高达20.1%。钙钛矿介观太阳能电池显示出巨大的商业潜力，成为科研工作者争相研究的热点对象。太阳能电池尽管经历了很长一段时间的发展，电极的制作材料价格昂贵一直是限制太阳能电池大规模投入生产的因素之一。

本论文，采用的电极是碳石墨复合电极，价格低廉，制作成本低。相比于前三代发展的周期，我们对钙钛矿介观太阳能电池研究还不够系统。它仍存在很多不确定因素，比如电极的材料厚度是否会对电池性能产生影响。本论文就碳/石墨复合电极的厚度对钙钛矿介观太阳能电池性能的影响进行实验探究。

本论文采用丝网印刷技术制作钙钛矿介观太阳能电池。实验的基本步骤是在清洁处理好的FTO导电玻璃上依次刷涂上TiO₂浆料、ZrO₂浆料、碳石墨复合浆料（一层至四层），最后经过烧结处理完成四种不同碳石墨电极厚度的太阳能电池的制作。同时，本论文采用碘铅甲胺作钙钛矿材料。将制得的电池进行测试表征，获得对应厚度太阳能电池的光电转换效率。实验结果证明，碳/石墨电极的厚度对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响很大，通过对比四组实验数据，当刷涂三层碳/石墨浆料时效率是一个相对最佳值，在此条件下电池的光电转换效率达到最高的3.22%。

关键字：碳/石墨复合电极 丝网印刷 钙钛矿 介观太阳能电池

Preparation of Carbon / Graphite Composite Electrode and Its Effect on the Performance of Perovskite Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Abstract

In recent years, the research on perovskite mesoscopic solar cells has focused on price and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Park and Grätzel task group in 2012 to achieve a co-operation, made a new all-solid mesoscopic solar cell, which is widely known in the academic community perovskite mesoscopic solar cells. Since then, the perovskite mesoscopic solar cell into the field of scientific research scholars, has attracted many scholars to explore the experts. In just a few years, perovskite mesoscopic solar cells have been notarized photoelectric conversion efficiency has risen from 9.7% to up to 20.1%. Perovskite mesoscopic solar cells show great commercial potential and become a hot research object for researchers. Although the battery has undergone a long period of development, the electrode production of expensive materials has been limited to large-scale production of solar cells, one of the factors.

In this paper, the electrode used is carbon graphite composite electrode, low price, low production cost. Compared to the first three generations of the development cycle, we study the perovskite mesoscopic solar cells is not enough system, there are still many instability, such as electrode thickness of the material will have an impact on battery performance. In this paper, the effect of carbon / graphite composite electrode on the properties of perovskite mesoscopic solar cells was investigated.

In this paper, the perovskite mesoscopic solar cell was fabricated by screen printing technology. The basic steps of the experiment were to brush the TiO₂ paste, ZrO₂ slurry, carbon graphite composite slurry (one to four layers) on the cleaned FTO conductive glass, and finally finish the four different carbon graphite electrodes Thickness of the production of solar cells. At the same time, this paper uses iodine lead methanamine as perovskite material. The prepared cells were tested and characterized to obtain the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the corresponding thickness solar cells. The experimental results show that the thickness of the carbon / graphite electrode has a great influence on the performance of the perovskite solar cell. By comparing the four experimental data, when the three-layer carbon / graphite slurry is brushed, the relative optimum value is The battery under the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the highest 3.22%.

Key words: carbon / graphite composite electrode; Screen printing; Perovskite; Mesoscopic solar cell

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 太阳能电池的发展现状 2

1.2.1 硅系太阳能电池 2

1.2.2 多元化合物薄膜太阳能电池 3

1.2.3 有机聚合物薄膜太阳能电池 3

1.2.4 介观太阳能电池 4

1.3 钙钛矿介观太阳能电池的介绍 4

1.3.1 钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构 5

1.3.2 钙钛矿介观太阳能电池中的工作原理 5

1.3.3 影响钙钛矿介观太阳能电池性能的主要因素 6

1.4 选题的意义和主要工作： 6

1.5 本章小结 7

第二章 钙钛矿介观太阳能电池的制备 8

2.1 引言 8

2.2 TiO₂浆料、ZrO₂浆料、碳/石墨复合电极浆料的制备 8

2.2.1 TiO₂浆料的制备 8

2.2.2 ZrO₂浆料的制备 9

2.2.3 碳/石墨复合电极浆料的制备 9

2.3 碘铅甲胺DMF溶液的配制 10

2.3.1 碘甲胺晶体的合成 10

2.3.2 碘铅甲胺晶体的合成 10

2.3.3 碘铅甲胺粉末的XRD测试 11

2.2.4 碘铅甲胺的DMF溶液的配制 13

2.4 钙钛矿介观太阳能电池的制作 13

2.5 本章小结 16

第三章 碳/石墨复合电极的厚度对钙钛矿介观太阳能电池性能的影响 17

3.1 引言 17

3.2 测试与表征 17

3.3 本章小结 19

第四章 总结与展望 21

4.1 结论 21

4.2 存在的问题和改进措施 21

4.3 未来与展望 21

参考文献 23

致谢 25

绪论

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